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An '''oversampled binary image sensor''' is a new{{vague|date=May 2018}} [[image sensor]] that is reminiscent of traditional [[photographic film]].<ref name="Gigavision">[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=4959778&contentType=Conference+Publications L. Sbaiz, F. Yang, E. Charbon, S. Süsstrunk and M. Vetterli, The Gigavision Camera, ''Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)'', pp. 1093 - 1096, 2009.]</ref><ref name="bitsfromphotons">[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6104150 F. Yang, Y.M. Lu, L. Saibz and M. Vetterli, Bits from Photons: Oversampled Image Acquisition Using Binary Poisson Statistics, ''IEEE Transaction on Image Processing'', vol. 21, issue 4, pp.1421-1436, 2012.]</ref> Each pixel in the sensor has a binary response, giving only a one-bit quantized measurement of the local light intensity. The response function of the image sensor is non-linear and similar to a logarithmic function, which makes the sensor suitable for [[high dynamic range imaging]].<ref name="Gigavision" />
==Working principle==
Before the advent of digital image sensors, photography, for the most part of its history, used film to record light information. At the heart of every photographic film are a large number of light-sensitive grains of [[silver-halide]] crystals.<ref name="filmphotography">T. H. James, The Theory of The Photographic Process, 4th ed., New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1977.</ref> During exposure, each micron-sized grain has a binary fate: Either it is struck by some incident photons and becomes "exposed", or it is missed by the photon bombardment and remains "unexposed". In the subsequent film development process, exposed grains, due to their altered chemical properties, are converted to silver metal, contributing to opaque spots on the film; unexposed grains are washed away in a chemical bath, leaving behind the transparent regions on the film. Thus, in essence, photographic film is a binary imaging medium, using local densities of opaque silver grains to encode the original light intensity information. Thanks to the small size and large number of these grains, one hardly notices this quantized nature of film when viewing it at a distance, observing only a continuous gray tone.
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