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=== Audio recorders and microphones ===
Audio-only recorders can be used in scenarios where video is impractical or otherwise undesirable. In most cases it is advantageous to combine the use of an audio-only recorder with one or more external microphones, however many modern audio recorders include built-in microphones which are usable if cost or setup speed are important concerns. Digital (solid state) recorders are preferred for most language documentation scenarios. Modern digital recorders achieve a very high level of quality at a relatively low price. Some of the most popular field recorders are found in the [https://www.zoom.co.jp/ Zoom] range, including the [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/handy-recorder/h1-handy-recorder H1], [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/handy-recorder/h2n-handy-recorder H2], [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/field-recording/h4n-pro-handy-recorder H4], [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/handy-recorder/h5-handy-recorder H5] and [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/field-video-recording/field-recording/h6-handy-recorder H6]. The [https://www.zoom.co.jp/products/handy-recorder/h1-handy-recorder H1] is particularly suitable for situations in which cost and user-friendliness are major desiderata. Other popular recorders for situations where size is a factor are the [http://www.getolympus.com/us/en/audio/pcm-recorders.html Olympus LS-series].
Several types of [[microphone]] can be effectively used in language documentation scenarios, depending on the situation (especially, including factors such as number, position and mobility of speakers) and on budget. In general, [[condenser microphones]] should be selected rather than [[dynamic microphones]]. It is an advantage in most fieldwork situations if a condenser microphone is self-powered (via a battery); however, when power is not a major factor, phantom-powered models can also be used. A stereo microphone setup is needed whenever more than one speaker is involved in a recording; this can be achieved via an array of two mono microphones, or by a dedicated stereo microphone.
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