Backward-wave oscillator: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:53, 10 September 2018

Revision as of 13:04, 11 September 2018

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The backward wave oscillators were demonstrated in 1951, '''M-type''' by [[Bernard Epsztein]]

<ref>{{citeref patent|country=FR|number= 1035379 |inventor=Bernard Epsztein|pubdate=1959-03-31|title=Backward flow travelling wave devices|status=patent}}</ref>

and '''O-type''' by [[Rudolf Kompfner]]. The M-type BWO is a voltage-controlled non-resonant extrapolation of [[magnetron]] interaction,. bothBoth types are tunable over a wide range of frequencies by varying the accelerating [[voltage]]. They can be swept through the band fast enough to be appearing to radiate over all the band at once, which makes them suitable for effective [[radar jamming]], quickly tuning into the radar frequency. Carcinotrons allowed airborne radar jammers to be highly effective. However, [[frequency-agile]] [[radar]]s can hop frequencies fast enough to force the jammer to use [[barrage jamming]], diluting its output power over a wide band and significantly impairing its efficiency.

Carcinotrons are used in research, civilian and military applications. For example, the Czechoslovak air defense detection systems [[Kopac passive sensor]] and [[Ramona passive sensor]] employed carcinotrons in their receiver systems.