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Multilevel modeling with repeated measures data is computationally complex. Computer software capable of performing these analyses may require data to be represented in “long form” as opposed to “wide form” prior to analysis. In long form, each subject’s data is represented in several rows – one for every “time” point (observation of the dependent variable). This is opposed to wide form in which there is one row per subject, and the repeated measures are represented in separate columns. Also note that, in long form, time invariant variables are repeated across rows for each subject. See below for an example of wide form data transposed into long form:
'''Wide form:'''
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'''Long form:'''
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