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The vulnerabilities are in the implementation of [[speculative execution]], which is where the processor tries to guess what instructions may be needed next. They exploit the possibility of reading [[data buffer]]s found between different parts of the processor.<ref name="Greenberg" />
*Fallout ({{CVE|2018-12126}}) − a leak of data being stored from store buffers<ref name="new" />
*RIDL ({{CVE|2018-12127}}, {{CVE|2018-12130}} and {{CVE|2019-11091}}) − a leak from various internal processor buffers of data being loaded and stored<ref name="new" />
*ZombieLoad ({{CVE|2018-12130}}) − a leak of already-loaded data from a processor's fill buffer<ref name="new">{{cite web|url=https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-ridl-and-fallout-attacks-impact-all-modern-intel-cpus/|title=New RIDL and Fallout Attacks Impact All Modern Intel CPUs|author=Ionut Ilascu|publisher=Bleeping Computer|date=14 May 2019|accessdate=14 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="zombieloadattack.com" />
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