Binary-coded decimal: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:23, 13 July 2019

Revision as of 15:25, 22 July 2019

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The [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] [[VAX|VAX-11]] series includes [[Instruction set|instructions]] that can perform arithmetic directly on packed BCD data and convert between packed BCD data and other integer representations.<ref name="DEC_VAX11"/> The VAX's packed BCD format is compatible with that on IBM System/360 and IBM's later compatible processors. The MicroVAX and later VAX implementations dropped this ability from the CPU but retained code compatibility with earlier machines by implementing the missing instructions in an operating system-supplied software library. This is invoked automatically via exception handling when the no longer implemented instructions are encountered, so that programs using them can execute without modification on the newer machines.

The [[Intel]] [[x86]] architecture supports a [[Intel BCD opcode|unique 18-digit (ten-byte) BCD format]] that can be loaded into and stored from the floating point registers, and computations can be performed there.<ref>{{cite book|title=Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’sDeveloper's Manual, Volume 1: Basic Architecture|pages=4–9|date=December 2016|publisher=Intel Corporation|url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/architectures-software-developer-manuals.html}}</ref>

The [[Motorola 68000 series]] had BCD instructions.<ref name="m68k">url=http://www.tigernt.com/onlineDoc/68000.pdf</ref>

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<ref name="Tafel_1971">{{cite book |title=Einführung in die digitale Datenverarbeitung |language=German |trans-title=Introduction to digital information processing |author-first=Hans Jörg |author-last=Tafel |publisher=[[Carl Hanser Verlag]] |date=1971 |___location=[[RWTH]], Aachen, Germany |publication-place=Munich, Germany |isbn=3-446-10569-7}}</ref>

<ref name="Steinbuch-Weber_1974">{{cite book |title=Taschenbuch der Informatik - Band II - Struktur und Programmierung von EDV-Systemen |language=German |editor-first1=Karl W. |editor-last1=Steinbuch |editor-link1=Karl W. Steinbuch |editor-first2=Wolfgang |editor-last2=Weber |editor-first3=Traute |editor-last3=Heinemann |date=1974 |orig-year=1967 |edition=3 |volume=2 |work=Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |___location=Berlin, Germany |isbn=3-540-06241-6 |lccn=73-80607}}</ref>

<ref name="Tietze-Schenk_2013">{{cite book |title=Advanced Electronic Circuits |author-first1=Ulrich |author-last1=Tietze |author-first2=Christoph |author-last2=Schenk |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=3642812414978-3642812415 |id=9783642812415 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dYruCAAAQBAJ |access-date=2015-08-05}}</ref>

<ref name="Kowalski_1070">{{cite book |title=Nuclear Electronics |author-first=Emil |author-last=Kowalski |date=2013-03-08 |orig-year=1970 |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |isbn=3642876633978-3642876639 |id=9783642876639, 978-3-642-87664-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-87663-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xr-IBwAAQBAJ |access-date=2015-08-05}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferretti_2013">{{cite book |title=Wörterbuch der Elektronik, Datentechnik und Telekommunikation / Dictionary of Electronics, Computing and Telecommunications: Teil 1: Deutsch-Englisch / Part 1: German-English |author-first=Vittorio |author-last=Ferretti |edition=2 |volume=1 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |date=2013-03-13

|isbn=3642980880978-3642980886 |id=9783642980886 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtHzBQAAQBAJ |access-date=2015-08-05}}</ref>

<ref name="Speiser_1965">{{cite book |author-first=Ambrosius Paul |author-last=Speiser |author-link=Ambrosius Paul Speiser |___location=[[Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich|ETH Zürich]], Zürich, Switzerland |title=Digitale Rechenanlagen - Grundlagen / Schaltungstechnik / Arbeitsweise / Betriebssicherheit |language=German |trans-title=Digital computers - Basics / Circuits / Operation / Reliability |edition=2 |date=1965 |orig-year=1961 |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] / [[IBM]] |lccn=65-14624 |id=0978 |page=209}}</ref>

<ref name="Cowlishaw_GDA">{{cite web |author-first=Mike F. |author-last=Cowlishaw |author-link=Mike F. Cowlishaw |title=General Decimal Arithmetic |orig-year=1981,2008 |date=2015 |url=http://speleotrove.com/decimal/<!-- http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/ --> |access-date=2016-01-02}}</ref>

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==Further reading==

*{{cite book |title=Coded Character Sets, History and Development |work=The Systems Programming Series |author-last=Mackenzie |author-first=Charles E. |year=1980 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.]] |isbn=0-201-14460-3 |lccn=77-90165 |page=xii |id={{ISBN|978-0-201-14460-4}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-tQAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2016-05-22}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf]

*<!-- <ref name="Richards_1955"> -->{{cite book |author-first=Richard Kohler |author-last=Richards |title=Arithmetic Operations in Digital Computers |publisher=[[van Nostrand (publisher)|van Nostrand]] |___location=New York, USA |date=1955 |pages=397-397–}}<!-- </ref> -->

*{{cite book |title=Decimal Computation |first=Hermann |last=Schmid<!-- General Electric Company, Binghamton, New York, USA --> |author-link=Hermann Schmid (computer scientist) |date=1974 |edition=1 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |___location=Binghamton, New York, USA |isbn=0-471-76180-X}} and {{cite book |title=Decimal Computation |first=Hermann |last=Schmid<!-- General Electric Company, Binghamton, New York, USA --> |author-link=Hermann Schmid (computer scientist) |orig-year=1974 |date=1983 |edition=1 (reprint) |publisher=Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company |___location=Malabar, Florida, USA |isbn=0-89874-318-4}} (NB. At least some batches of the Krieger reprint edition were [[misprint]]s with defective pages 115–146.)

*<!-- <ref name="Massalin_1987_Superoptimizer"> -->{{cite journal |author-first=Henry |author-last=Massalin |author-link=Henry Massalin |editor-first=Randy |editor-last=Katz |editor-link=Randy Katz |title=Superoptimizer: A Look at the Smallest Program |journal=Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Architectural supportSupport for Programming Languages and Operating Systems [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] [[SIGOPS]] Operating Systems Review |pages=122–126 |lay-url=http://hpux.connect.org.uk/hppd/hpux/Gnu/superopt-2.5/readme.html |lay-date=1995-06-14 |doi=10.1145/36206.36194 |date=October 1987 |volume=21 |issue=4 |isbn=0-8186-0805-6 |url=http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs343/resources/superoptimizer.pdf |access-date=2012-04-25 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704123738/https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs343/resources/superoptimizer.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-04|doi-broken-date=2019-07-22 }} (Also: ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Vol. 22 #10, IEEE Computer Society Press #87CH2440-6, October 1987)<!-- </ref> -->

* ''VLSI designs for redundant binary-coded decimal addition'', Behrooz Shirazi, David Y. Y. Yun, and Chang N. Zhang, IEEE Seventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, 1988, pp52–56, IEEE, March 1988

* ''Fundamentals of Digital Logic'' by Brown and Vranesic, 2003