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These applications demonstrate delving into aspects of the data that are hidden from shallow learning networks and the human senses, such as in the cases of predicting onset of [[sleep apnea]] events,<ref name=":11" /> of an electrocardiogram of a fetus as recorded from skin-surface electrodes placed on the mother's abdomen early in pregnancy,<ref name="GrGrZh" /> of financial prediction<ref name="book2013" /> or in blind filtering of noisy speech.<ref name="GrAbon" />
LAMSTAR was proposed in 1996 and was further developed Graupe and Kordylewski from 1997–2002.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Network based on SOM (Self-Organizing-Map) modules combined with statistical decision tools|last=Graupe|first=D.|last2=Kordylewski|first2=H.|date=August 1996|journal=Proceedings of the 39th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems|isbn=978-0-7803-3636-0|volume=1|pages=471–474 vol.1|doi=10.1109/mwscas.1996.594203}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Graupe|first=D.|last2=Kordylewski|first2=H.|date=1998-03-01|title=A Large Memory Storage and Retrieval Neural Network for Adaptive Retrieval and Diagnosis|journal=International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering|volume=08|issue=1|pages=115–138|doi=10.1142/s0218194098000091|issn=0218-1940}}</ref><ref name="Kordylew">{{cite journal|last1=Kordylewski|first1=H.|last2=Graupe|first2=D|last3=Liu|first3=K.|year=2001|title=A novel large-memory neural network as an aid in medical diagnosis applications|url=|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=202–209|doi=10.1109/4233.945291|pmid=11550842}}</ref> A modified version, known as LAMSTAR 2, was developed by Schneider and Graupe in 2008.<ref name="Schn">{{cite journal|last1=Schneider|first1=N.C.|last2=Graupe|year=2008|title=A modified LAMSTAR neural network and its applications|url=|journal=International Journal of Neural Systems|volume=18|issue=4|pages=331–337|doi=10.1142/s0129065708001634|pmid=18763732}}</ref><ref name="book2013d">{{harvnb|Graupe|2013|p=217}}</ref>
== References ==
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