Wikipedia

Oracle Exadata: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
TS-220657 (talk | contribs)
60 edits
m More X8M updates
TS-220657 (talk | contribs)
60 edits
More X8M updates
Line 11:
}}
The '''Oracle Exadata''' '''Database Machine''' ('''Exadata'''<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/a/ocom/docs/engineered-systems/exadata/exadata-x8m-2-ds.pdf|title=Oracle Exadata Database Machine X8M-2|last=Various|first=|date=September 2019|website=oracle.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref>) is a computing platform that is specialized and optimized for running [[Oracle Database]]. The goal of Exadata<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHlFDgci9Fc|title=Oracle Exadata: World's Fastest Database Machine|last=Loaiza|display-authors=etal|date=August 2, 2011|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> is to achieve higher performance and availability at lower cost by moving database algorithms and intelligence into storage and networking, bypassing the traditional processing layers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/trn4113-exadatadeepdive-5187039.pdf|title=Oracle Exadata: Architecture and Internals Technical Deep Dive|last=Umamageswaran and Goindi|first=Kothanda and Gurmeet|date=October 23, 2018|website=www.Oracle.com/technetwork|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Exadata x8-2M.jpg|alt=Exadata X8-2M Full Rack|left|thumb|275x275px375x375px|''Exadata X8M-2 Full Rack'']]
Exadata is a combined hardware and software platform that includes [[Scale out|scale-out]] compute servers, scale-out intelligent storage servers, ultra-fast networking, [[3D XPoint|persistent memory]] (PMEM), [[NVM Express|NVMe]] flash, and specialized Exadata Software<ref name=":27">{{Cite book|url=https://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=en/engineered-systems/exadata-database-machine&id=SAGUG20314|title=Oracle Exadata System Software User's Guide 19.23.0|last=SternVarious|first=Janet|publisher=Oracle Corporation|year=2019|isbn=|___location=|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> in a wide range of shapes and price points. Exadata Storage uses high-performance servers to store data and run Exadata Software to run data-intensive database processing directly in the shared storage tier.
 
Exadata debuted<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://siliconangle.com/2019/06/20/oracles-pioneering-database-machine-exadata-turns-10-exclusive-look-ahead/|title=Exadata Turns 10|last=Vellante|first=Dave|date=June 20, 2019|website=siliconangle.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=June 21, 2019}}</ref> in 2008 as the first in Oracle Corporation's family of ''Engineered Systems''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chucksblog.typepad.com/chucks_blog/2015/09/grown-up-it-for-grown-up-applications.html|title=Chuck's Blog: Grown-up IT for Grown-Up Applications|last=Hollis|first=Chuck|date=September 9, 2015|website=Typepad|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> for use in corporate [[Data center|data centers]] deployed as "[[Private Cloud|private clouds]]". In October 2015, Exadata became available in the [[Oracle Cloud]] as a subscription service, known as the ''Exadata Cloud Service''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadataservice-ds-2574134.pdf|title=Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Service Technical Data Sheet|last=Various authors|date=|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref>
Line 18:
<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Service: A Beginner's Guide|last=Spendolini|first=Brian|publisher=Oracle Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1260120875|___location=Amazon.com|pages=}}</ref> Oracle databases deployed in the Exadata Cloud Service are 100% compatible with databases deployed on Exadata on-premises, which enables customers to transition to the Oracle Cloud with no application changes. Oracle Corporation manages this service, including hardware, network, Linux software and Exadata software, while customers have complete ownership of their databases.
 
In early 2017, a third Exadata deployment choice became available. ''Exadata Cloud at Customer''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=httphttps://www.oracle.com/technetworka/databaseocom/docs/engineered-systems/exadata/gen2-exacc-x7-ds-4126773.pdf|title=Oracle DatabaseGen 2 Exadata Cloud at Customer Technical Data Sheet|last=Various authors|first=|date=September 2019|website=Oracle Corporationoracle.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=July 27, 2018|dead-url=|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref> is Exadata Cloud Service technology deployed on-premises (behind the corporate firewall) and managed by Oracle Cloud experts. Like the Exadata Cloud Service, Exadata Cloud at Customer is owned and managed by Oracle, and licensed through a pay-as-you-go subscription. The Oracle Cloud at Customer<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/cloud/paas/oracle-cloud-at-customer/resources.html|title=Oracle Cloud at Customer Resources: Data Sheet et al|last=Various authors|date=|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref> program is intended to bring all the benefits of the Oracle public cloud while still satisfying security and regulatory constraints.
 
==Use cases==
Line 25:
Historically, specialized database computing platforms were designed for a particular workload, such as Data Warehousing, and poor or unusable for other workloads, such as OLTP. Exadata has optimizations for all database workloads, implemented such that mixed workloads share system resources fairly. Resource management features also allow for prioritized allocation of system resources, such as always favoring workloads servicing interactive users over reporting and batch, even if they are accessing the same data.
 
Long running requests, characterized by Data Warehouses, reports, batch jobs and Analytics, are reputed to run many times faster compared to a conventional, non-Exadata database server.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/search/customers?Ntt=exadata&Dy=1&Nty=1&Ntk=S1|title=Exadata Customer Success Stories|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/data-warehouse-solutions/vendor/oracle/product/oracle-exadata-database-machine|title=Gartner Peer Insights: Oracle Exadata Database Machine|last=Various|date=|website=Gartner.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 8, 2018}}</ref> Customer references often cite performance gains of [http://www.oracle.com/us/products/database/exadata-reference-booklet-400018.pdf 10x or greater]. Analytics workloads can also use the ''Oracle Database In-Memory''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/database-in-memory-ds-2210927.pdf|title=Data Sheet: Oracle Database In-Memory|last=Various|first=|date=2019|website=Oracle Technology Network|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref> option on Exadata for additional acceleration, and In-Memory Databases on Exadata have been extended to take advantage of Flash memory capacity, many times larger than the capacity of [[Dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]]. Exadata’s ''Hybrid Columnar Compression''<ref name=":27" /> feature is intended to reduce the storage consumption of Data Warehouses and archival data as well as increase performance by reducing the amount of IO.
 
Transactional (OLTP) workloads on Exadata benefit from the incorporation of persistent memory and Flash memory into Exadata’s storage hierarchy, and the automatic "tiering" of data into DRAM, persistent memory, Flash or disk storage. Special algorithms optimize persistent memory and Flash for response time sensitive database operations such as log writes. For the most demanding OLTP, all-Flash storage eliminates the latency of disk media completely.
Line 36:
Oracle wanted a storage layer for Exadata that could easily [[scale out]] and parallelize Oracle Database requests. It also recognized the opportunity for storage to cooperate in the processing of database requests beyond just storing and shipping data. For example, rather than send an entire database table across the network to the compute server to find a small number of records, such data filtering could be done in storage and only the resulting records sent across the network. The addition of Flash memory and later persistent memory to Exadata Storage Servers also opened up a range of possibilities for optimizing performance in the storage layer. Over time, as the performance and capacity of Flash storage increased at a rapid rate, the network became a performance bottleneck for traditional database platforms and Exadata's offloading of database processing into Exadata Storage Servers avoided that problem. The subsequent addition of persistent memory in the storage layer exacerbated the traditional platform bottleneck even further.
 
The foundation of Exadata is the ''Exadata Storage Server''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-technical-whitepaper-134575.pdf|title=A Technical Overview of the Oracle Exadata Database Machine and Exadata Storage Server|last=Weiss|first=Ronald|date=2012|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1430">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x8-2-ds-5444350.pdf|title=Data Sheet: Oracle Exadata Database Machine X8-2|last=|first=|date=2019|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 21, 2019|dead-url=}}</ref>, invented by Oracle to replace the traditional storage array. Also important is Oracle's ownership of all the main software and hardware components of Exadata, enabling changes to be deeply integrated and released in coordinated fashion. A further benefit for customers is the ability to support the entire Exadata platform from one vendor.
 
== Software ==
Line 59:
A more detailed listing of software enhancements is below, grouped by their value to Analytics or OLTP workloads, or their impact on Availability. Similar enhancements cannot be duplicated on other platforms because they require software and [[Application programming interface|API]] modifications and integration across database software, operating systems, networking and storage.
 
Refer to the Exadata documentation<ref>{{Cite book|title=Oracle Exadata Database Machine Documentation Release (19.23)|last=SternVarious|first=Janet|publisher=Oracle Corporation|year=2019|isbn=|___location=https://docs.oracle.com/en/engineered-systems/exadata-database-machine/index.html|pages=|url-status=live}}</ref> and Data Sheet<ref name=":30" /> for descriptions of these features.
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top"
Line 350:
|<small>Datasheet</small><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x6-2-ds-2968790.pdf|title=Data Sheet: Exadata Database Machine X6-2|date=2017|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 8, 2018}}</ref>
|<small>Datasheet</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x7-2-ds-3908482.pdf|title=Oracle Exadata Database Machine X7-2 data sheet|last=various|first=|date=2019|website=oracle.com/exadata|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref>
|<small>Datasheet</small><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x8-2-ds-5444350.pdf|title=Data Sheet: Oracle Exadata Database Machine X8-2|last=|first=|date=2019|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 21, 2019|dead-url=}}</ref>
|<small>Datasheet</small><ref name=":14" />
|<small>Datasheet</small><ref name=":30" />
|-
Line 483:
''Exadata X5-2''<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":21" /> and ''X5-8''<ref name=":25" /> were released in 2015 with a major set of enhancements. ''Flash and disk capacity doubled''. ''Elastic configurations''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Exadata Database Machine System Overview|last=Stern|first=Janet|publisher=Oracle Corporation|year=2018|isbn=|___location=|url=https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E80920_01/DBMSO/exadata-elastic-configurations.htm#DBMSO22093|pages=14-17}}</ref> were introduced to enable expansion one server at a time. ''Virtualization'' was added as an option to Exadata along with ''Trusted Partitions''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/exadata/controlling-software-costs-on-exadata|title=Controlling Software Costs on Exadata|last=Goindi|first=Gurmeet|date=February 19, 2015|website=Oracle Blogs|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref> for flexible licensing within a virtual machine. Database ''snapshots''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/learnmore/exadata-database-copy-twp-2543083.pdf|title=White Paper: Storage Efficient Database Copy Options with Exadata|last=Shah|first=Manish|date=March 1, 2015|website=Oracle Technology Network|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref> on Exadata storage enabled efficient development and testing. ''Oracle Database In-Memory'' on Exadata included ''Fault Tolerant''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFrF1N8lWpI&index=7&list=PLKCk3OyNwIzsMPOS-d73HAuEbDUp9Hglq|title=Duplicating In-Memory Data Assures Availability|last=Loaiza|first=Juan|date=July 19, 2016|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-qSDImrBmo|title=Oracle Database In-Memory Fault Tolerance Explained|last=Colgan|first=Maria|date=March 10, 2017|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 3, 2018}}</ref>''redundancy''. The High Performance Exadata storage servers were replaced with ''all-Flash (Extreme Performance) storage servers'' and Exadata became the first major vendor to adopt the ''[[NVM Express|NVMe]] Flash interface''. ''Columnar Flash cache'' was introduced to automatically reformat analytics data into row format in Flash. ''[[IPv6]] support'' was completed. ''Exadata Cloud Service''<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadataservice-ds-2574134.pdf|title=Data Sheet: Oracle Databade Exadata Cloud Service|date=2017|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 8, 2018}}</ref> was launched on the Oracle Cloud.
 
''Exadata X6-2''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":22" /> and ''X6-8''<ref name=":26" /> were released in 2016. ''Flash capacity doubled''. E''xafusion Direct-to-Wire protocol''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMZogy7rkoI&index=9&list=PLKCk3OyNwIzsMPOS-d73HAuEbDUp9Hglq|title=Direct Access From Database to Network for Much Faster OLTP|last=Loaiza|first=Juan|date=July 19, 2016|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 5, 2018}}</ref> reduced messaging overhead in a cluster and ''Smart Fusion Block Transfer''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBrfdAFVhNk&list=PLKCk3OyNwIzsMPOS-d73HAuEbDUp9Hglq&index=4|title=Non-Blocking Transfers of OLTP Data on Clusters|last=Loaiza|first=Juan|date=July 19, 2016|website=YouTube|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 5, 2018}}</ref> eliminated log write delays for OLTP applications in a cluster. ''Exadata Cloud at Customer''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressrelease/expands-oracle-cloud-022717.html|title=Oracle Press Release: Oracle Expands Oracle Cloud at Customer Portfolio to Database Workloads with Oracle Exadata Cloud Machine|last=Maloney|first=Nicole|date=February 27, 2017|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exacc-x7-ds-4126773.pdf|title=Oracle Database Exadata Cloud at Customer Technical Data Sheet|last=Various authors|date=|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=July 27, 2018|access-date=|dead-url=}}</ref> debuted, enabling Oracle Cloud benefits within corporate data centers.
 
''[https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x7-2-ds-3908482.pdf Exadata X7-2]''<ref name=":8" /> and ''[https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/exadata/exadata-x7-8-ds-3938980.pdf X7-8]'' were released in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.oracle.com/detail/videos/featured-videos/video/5591322770001|title=Video: Oracle's Next Generation Exadata Database Machine X7|last=Loaiza|first=Juan|date=2017|website=Oracle Corporation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref>. ''Flash capacity doubled''. Flash cards became ''Hot pluggable'' for online replacement. ''10 Terabyte (TB) disk drives'' debuted along with ''25 Gb/sec Ethernet'' connectivity. Oracle Database In-Memory processing was extended into Flash storage, and storage server DRAM was utilized for faster OLTP.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Exadata"