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The total scattering intensity in GED is given as a [[function (mathematics)|function]] of the [[momentum]] transfer, which is defined as the difference between the [[wave vector]] of the incident [[electron]] beam and that of the scattered electron beam and has the [[reciprocal dimension]] of [[length]]. The total scattering intensity is composed of two parts: the [[atomic scattering intensity]] and [[the molecular scattering intensity]]. The former decreases [[monotonically]] and contains no information about the molecular structure. The latter has [[sinusoidal]] modulations as a result of the [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] of the scattering [[spherical waves]] generated by the scattering from the atoms included in the target molecule. The interferences reflect the distributions of the atoms composing the molecules, so the molecular structure is determined from this part.
'''Theory'''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Stereochemical Applications of Gas‐Phase Electron Diffraction, Part A: The Electron Diffraction Technique|last=Hargittai|first=I.|publisher=VCH Verlagsgesellschaft|year=1988|
GED can be described by scattering theory. The outcome if applied to gases with randomly oriented molecules is provided here in short:
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