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A lowpass pyramid is made by smoothing the image with an appropriate smoothing filter and then subsampling the smoothed image, usually by a factor of 2 along each coordinate direction. The resulting image is then subjected to the same procedure, and the cycle is repeated multiple times. Each cycle of this process results in a smaller image with increased smoothing, but with decreased spatial sampling density (that is, decreased image resolution). If illustrated graphically, the entire multi-scale representation will look like a pyramid, with the original image on the bottom and each cycle's resulting smaller image stacked one atop the other.
A bandpass pyramid is made by forming the difference between images at adjacent levels in the pyramid and performing
E.H. Andelson and C.H. Anderson and J.R. Bergen and P.J. Burt and J.M. Ogden.
[http://persci.mit.edu/pub_pdfs/RCA84.pdf "Pyramid methods in image processing"].
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