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[[Image:FossilFernLeavesPennsylvanianOhio.jpg|260px|thumb|Fossil [[seed fern]] leaves from the Late [[Carboniferous]] of northeastern [[Ohio]].]]
A '''compression fossil''' is a [[fossil]] preserved in [[sedimentary rock]] that has undergone [[compression (physical)|physical compression]]. While it is uncommon to find [[animal]]s preserved as good compression fossils, it is very common to find [[plant]]s preserved this way. The reason for this is that physical compression of the rock often leads to [[distortion]] of the fossil.
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==Slabs==
[[File:Pterodactylus antiquus p and cp.jpg|260px|thumb|Counter slab (left) and slab (right) of ''[[Pterodactylus]]'']]
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Longipteryx chaoyangensis (BMNHC Ph930A) NMNS.jpg
| width1 = 130
| image2 = Longipteryx chaoyangensis (BMNHC Ph930B) NMNS.jpg
| width2 = 130
| footer = Slab (left) and counter slab (right) of ''[[Longipteryx]]''
}}
A slab and counter slab, more often called a part and counterpart in paleoentomology<ref name="Jepson2011">{{cite journal |last1=Jepson |first1=J.E. |last2=Ansorge |first2=J. |last3=Jarzembowski |first3=E.A. |year=2011 |title=New snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of the UK, Spain and Brazil |journal= Palaeontology |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=385–395 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01038.x}}</ref> and paleobotany,<ref name="Channing2011">{{cite journal |last1=Channing |first1=A. |last2=Zamuner |first2=A. |last3=Edwards |first3=D. |last4=Guido |first4=D. |year=2011 |title=''Equisetum thermale'' sp. nov. (Equisetales) from the Jurassic San Agustin hot spring deposit, Patagonia: Anatomy, paleoecology, and inferred paleoecophysiology. |journal= American Journal of Botany |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=680–697 |doi= 10.3732/ajb.1000211 |pmid=21613167}}</ref> are the matching halves of a compression fossil, a fossil-bearing [[Matrix (geology)|matrix]] formed in [[sedimentary]] deposits. When excavated the matrix may be split along the natural grain or cleavage of the rock. A fossil embedded in the sediment may then also split down the middle, with fossil remains sticking to both surfaces, or the counter slab may simply show a negative impression or mould of the fossil.<ref>[http://www.proz.com/kudoz/english_to_polish/archaeology/762880-slab_counter_slab.html ProZ]</ref> Comparing slab and counter slab has led to the exposure of a number of fossil forgeries.
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