Ensemble coding: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 22:57, 24 November 2019

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= Ensemble Coding =

Ensemble coding, also known as ensemble perception or summary representation, is the ability to see the average or variance of a group of objects. This is often referred to as taking summary statistical information. Put simply, it is a theory that suggests that people process the general gist of their complex visual surroundings by grouping them together based on their similarities. This process has been demonstrated that individuals have the ability quickly and accurately encode ensembles and gather summary statistical information. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alt|first=Nicholas P.|last2=Goodale|first2=Brianna|last3=Lick|first3=David J.|last4=Johnson|first4=Kerri L.|date=2019-03|title=Threat in the Company of Men: Ensemble Perception and Threat Evaluations of Groups Varying in Sex Ratio|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1948550617731498|journal=Social Psychological and Personality Science|language=en|volume=10|issue=2|pages=152–159|doi=10.1177/1948550617731498|issn=1948-5506}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alvarez|first=George|date=2011-03|title=Representing Multiple Objects as an Ensemble Enhances Visual Cognition|url=https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/41364280|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|language=en-US|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2011.01.003|issn=1364-6613}}</ref> People are able to extract the gist of ensembles across various dimensions because the visual world is filled with redundant information. <ref name=":0" /> Extant literature has shown that the visual system is particularly sensitive to similarities and organization that occurs naturally in our visual world.<ref>Whitney D, Haberman J, Sweeny T. 2014. From textures to crowds: multiple levels of summary statistical

perception. In The New Visual Neuroscience, ed. JS Werner, LM Chalupa, pp. 695–710. Cambridge, MA:

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MIT Press</ref>

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<ref>{{Citation|last=Haberman|first=Jason|title=Ensemble Perception|date=2012-05-24|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.001.0001/acprof-9780199734337-chapter-30|work=From Perception to Consciousness|pages=339–349|editor-last=Wolfe|editor-first=Jeremy|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734337.003.0030|isbn=978-0-19-973433-7|access-date=2019-11-24|last2=Whitney|first2=David|editor2-last=Robertson|editor2-first=Lynn}}</ref>

== Ensemble Coding Defined ==

<blockquote>David Whitney and Allison Yamanashi Lieb developed an operational and flexible definition stating that, “...ensemble coding should include the following five concepts:

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== Opposing Theories ==

CounterSome toresearch thehas ideafound thatcountering peopleevidence getto athe general gisttheory of ourensemble visual surroundings by way of summary statisticscoding. Some research in visionVision science has noted that although humans take in large amounts of visual information, adults are only able to process, attend to, and hold in memory up to aboutroughly four items from the visual environment. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alvarez|first=G.A.|last2=Cavanagh|first2=P.|date=2004-02|title=The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects|url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|journal=Psychological Science|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|pages=106–111|doi=10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.x|issn=0956-7976}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Luck|first=Steven J.|last2=Vogel|first2=Edward K.|date=1997-11|title=The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/36846|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=390|issue=6657|pages=279–281|doi=10.1038/36846|issn=1476-4687}}</ref> Furthermore, scientists have found that this visual upper limit capacity exists across various domains.

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== Historical Context ==