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'''Codevelopment''' is a trend of thought and a development strategy in [[development studies]]
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An example of this tendency may be found in the imbalance between the 23 million euro budget that the [[European Union|EU]] plans on investing in the [[Schengen Information System]] and the [[Visa Information System]] (aimed at a further immigrant identification and control) with the 3 million euro budget (4 million in its second year) granted to codevelopment projects.
== Codevelopment in
Since the late nineties, codevelopment has been the subject of postgraduate studies, specialist courses, discussions and forums among multiple stakeholders, as well as calls for project grants by some local and regional administrations, beginning with the Municipality of Madrid. These authorities quickly became aware of the local impact of the presence of new immigrant communities, the importance of the links that bind them with their communities of origin, and the desirability of relating them in any future action to support the policies of cooperation. Other countries that experience timely migration as a result of an increase in workforce demand view Codevelopment policies as their main method of influencing and facilitating such operations. Such policies had a much stronger presence and development in the regional and local levels.<ref>{{Citation|last=Boni|first=Alejandra|title=The New Co-Development Agenda: Official and Non-Official Initiatives between Morocco and Spain|date=2011|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_7|work=Transnational Migration and Human Security: The Migration-Development-Security Nexus|pages=91–101|editor-last=Truong|editor-first=Thanh-Dam|series=Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_7|isbn=978-3-642-12757-1|access-date=2020-08-19|last2=Lacomba|first2=Joan|editor2-last=Gasper|editor2-first=Des}}</ref>
At the state level, in accordance with Tampere Summit on Migration, the GRECO Plan on migration management (Programa Global de Regulación y Coordinación de la Extranjería y la Inmigración 2000-2004), was launched by the Interior Ministry in 2001. This Plan devoted an important space for “joint development”, in line with the policies of Tampere and the French government. GRECO insisted on technical and educational cooperation, the voluntary return of migrants, the channelling of migrants’ remittances to development projects, and finally, on the cooperation with those governments that were ready to accept the returned illegal migrants, as well as to control the exit of their citizens with destination Spain. However, codevelopment was not even mentioned as a policy line in the Immigration law passed in 2000, and did not receive proper funding within the GRECO’s framework.
Since ending 2004, codevelopment policies have been open to discussion, including the contents, limits, and plans. Two state agencies claimed their space in codevelopment actions: the State Secretary for International Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the brand new General Directorate of Immigrants’ Integration, at the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs.
In Africa, diaspora of developing countries contributes greatly to trade policies which facilitate the implementation of new technology, which in turn assists education and other systems of infrastructure within the migrant's new residence. Codevelopment policies are one of the prominent focuses of human-rights groups that seek to improve migrant lives and discourage discrimination.<ref>{{Citation|last=Boni|first=Alejandra|title=The New Co-Development Agenda: Official and Non-Official Initiatives between Morocco and Spain|date=2011|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_7|work=Transnational Migration and Human Security: The Migration-Development-Security Nexus|pages=91–101|editor-last=Truong|editor-first=Thanh-Dam|series=Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-12757-1_7|isbn=978-3-642-12757-1|access-date=2020-08-19|last2=Lacomba|first2=Joan|editor2-last=Gasper|editor2-first=Des}}</ref>
===Codevelopment policy ===
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Transnationalism and codevelopment are spreading. In Latin America, covedelopment is a relatively new idea, but it has been embraced by grassroots organizations. For example, on November 25, 2010, FAMIGRANTES—the Federation of associations gathering migrants' family members in South America—gathered in their 4th Meeting on Migration and Codevelopment, in Rosario, Argentina. They stated that the codevelopment approach was the best way of understanding the contribution that their relatives were making both in the reception countries and in their homelands (www.famigrantes.org and www.famisur.org). At the same time, more than 100 migrants' associations launched FEDACOD (Federation of Associations for Codevelopment) in Valencia, Spain, on September 24, 2010 (www.fedacod.com).
Currently, in both Spain and other European countries, higher barriers created in recent years as a result of legislation to combat fears of domestic terrorism have made it harder to track incoming migrants, as well as those who have sought asylum in the past. Despite a heavy reliance on these migrants for low cost labor, general awareness of the development impacts of migrants remains limited.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Migration, Remittances and Development|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/migration-remittances-and-development_9789264013896-en|access-date=2020-08-19|website=www.oecd-ilibrary.org|language=en|doi=10.1787/9789264013896-en}}</ref>
== External links ==
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