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Other ancient scripts were also defective. Egyptian [[hieroglyphs]] had no vowel representation at all, while the [[cuneiform script]] frequently did not distinguish among a consonant triad like /t/, /d/ and /t'/ (emphatic /t/), or between the vowels /e/ and /i/.
With only 16 characters, the [[Younger Futhark]] was an even more defective form of the [[Elder Futhark]], from which it had evolved by the the 9th century, after a "transitional period" during the 7th and 8th centuries. At the same time, phonetic changes that led to a greater number of different phonemes in the spoken language, when [[Proto-Norse]] evolved into [[Old Norse]]. As an example, the Younger Futhark no longer had separate signs for [[voiced stop]]s and [[voiceless stop]]s, so a rune like [[Tiwaz (rune)|Týr (ᛏ)]] could represent all of /d/, /t/, /nd/ or /nt/.
==Modern examples of defective script==
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