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[[Image:AACS dataflow.svg|right|thumb|AACS decryption process]]
The '''Advanced Access Content System''' ('''AACS''') is a [[standardization|standard]] for [[content distribution]] and [[digital rights management]], intended to restrict access to and copying of the post-[[DVD]] generation of optical discs. The specification was publicly released in April 2005 and the standard has been adopted as the access restriction scheme for [[HD DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc]] (BD). It is developed by [[AACS LA|AACS Licensing Administrator, LLC]] (AACS LA), a [[consortium]] that includes [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], [[Intel]], [[Microsoft]], [[Panasonic Corporation|Panasonic]], [[Warner Bros.]], [[IBM]], [[Toshiba]] and [[Sony]]. AACS has been operating under an "interim agreement" since the final specification (including provisions for [[#Managed Copy|Managed Copy]]) has not yet been finalized.
Since appearing in devices in 2006, several AACS decryption keys have been extracted from software players and published on the Internet, allowing decryption by unlicensed software.
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=== Volume IDs ===
Volume IDs are unique identifiers or [[Serial number|serial numbers]] that are stored on pre-recorded discs with special hardware. They cannot be duplicated on consumers' recordable media. The point of this is to prevent simple bit-by-bit copies, since the Volume ID is required (though not sufficient) for decoding content. On Blu-ray discs, the Volume ID is stored in the [[ROM-Mark|BD-ROM Mark]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf |title=Blu-ray Disc Pre-recorded Book |accessdate=1 November 2007 |date=27 July 2006 |publisher=AACS LA |page=15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106065659/http://www.aacsla.com/specifications/AACS_Spec_BD_Prerecorded_0.912.pdf |archivedate=6 November 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
To read the Volume ID, a cryptographic [[Public key certificate|certificate]] (the ''Private Host Key'') signed by the AACS LA is required. However, this has been circumvented by modifying the firmware of some HD DVD and Blu-ray drives.<ref name=arstechnica-aacs>{{cite web
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