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===Power systems===
In recent years, HIL for power systems has been used for verifying the stability, operation, and fault tolerance of large-scale [[electrical grid]]s. Current-generation real-time processing platforms have the capability to model large-scale power systems in real-time. This includes systems with more than 10,000 buses with associated generators, loads, power-factor correction devices, and network interconnections.<ref>{{cite web|title=ePHASORsim Real-Time Transient Stability Simulator|url=http://www.opal-rt.com/sites/default/files/OPAL-RT_Presentation_ePHASORsim_RT13.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> These types of simulation platforms enable the evaluation and testing of large-scale power systems in a realistic emulated environment. Moreover, HIL for power systems has been used for investigating the integration of distributed resources, next-generation [[SCADA]] systems and [[Power Management Unit|power management units]], and [[STATCOM|static synchronous compensator]] devices.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Al-Hammouri|first=A.T|author2=Nordstrom, L. |author3=Chenine, M. |author4=Vanfretti, L. |author5=Honeth, N. |author6= Leelaruji, R. |title=Virtualization of synchronized phasor measurement units within real-time simulators for smart grid applications|journal=Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE|date=22 July 2012|pages=1–7|doi=10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344949|isbn=978-1-4673-2729-9|s2cid=10605905|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-70274}}</ref>
===Offshore systems===
In offshore and marine engineering, control systems and mechanical structures are generally designed in parallel. Testing the control systems is only possible after integration. As a result, many errors are found that have to be solved during the commissioning, with the risks of personal injuries, damaging equipment and delays. To reduce these errors, HIL simulation is gaining widespread attention.<ref>{{cite conference |
==References==
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