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The MM limits and guidelines were derived from the work of Dr. Martha Sanchez-Craig.<ref name="SANCHEZCRAIG2005">{{Cite journal|last=Sanchez-Craig |first=Martha |title=Empirically based guidelines for moderate drinking: 1-year results from three studies with problem drinkers |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=85 |issue=6 |pages=823–828 |author2=Wilkinson, D. Adrian |author3=Davila, Rafaela |year=1995 |pmid=7762717 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.85.6.823 |pmc=1615483}}</ref> MM members are encouraged, but do not need to follow, the suggested guidelines, limits and steps. MM does not view non-dependent problem drinkers as [[alcoholism|alcoholics]], but rather people with a bad, but controllable, [[Habit (psychology)|habit]]. MM does not state that [[Surrender (spirituality and psychology)|surrender]] or [[spirituality]] is needed to end or control the habit.<ref name="ROTGERS2000">{{Cite journal|last=Rotgers |first=Frederick |author2=Kishline, Audrey |title=Moderation Management: A support group for persons who want to reduce their drinking, but not necessarily abstain |journal=International Journal of Self-Help and Self Care |year=1999–2000 |pages=145–158 |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.2190/8909-FFH3-44BA-HKVN}}</ref> MM literature makes a similar distinction to Alcoholics Anonymous literature that there are problem drinkers who can return to controlled drinking and alcoholics who can not.<ref name="HUMPHREYS2003">{{Cite journal|last=Humphreys |first=Keith |title=Alcohol & drug abuse: A research-based analysis of the Moderation Management controversy |journal=Psychiatric Services |volume=54 |date=May 2003 |pages=621–622 |pmid=12719491 |doi=10.1176/appi.ps.54.5.621 |issue=5}}</ref>
MM groups are intended to give members a chance to identify with other problem drinkers and learn from the successes and failures of each other. Face-to-face meetings last about an hour, whereas online meetings are ongoing. "Crosstalk," members interrupting each other to provide feedback during meetings, is allowed. [[Mental health professional]]s are allowed to help start MM meetings, but ultimate control must be left to the participants.<ref name="ROTGERS2000"/><ref name="KLAW2000A">{{Cite journal|last=Klaw |first=Elena |author2=Humphreys, Keith |title=Life stories of Moderation Management mutual help group members |journal=Contemporary Drug Problems |volume=27 |issue=4 |year=2000 |pages=779–803|doi=10.1177/009145090002700404 |s2cid=141724352 }}</ref> A [[content analysis]] of online MM meetings found the most common types of communication by members were [[self-disclosure]], provision of information and advice, and provision of emotional support. Similar studies of depression and eating disorder support groups have found the same patterns.<ref name="KLAW2000B">{{Cite journal|last=Klaw |first=Elena |author2=Huebsch, Penny Dearmin |author3=Humphreys, Keith |title=Communication patterns in an on-line mutual help group for problem drinkers |journal=Journal of Community Psychology |volume=28 |year=2000 |pages=535–546 |issue=5 |doi=10.1002/1520-6629(200009)28:5<535::AID-JCOP7>3.0.CO;2-0}}</ref>
==Membership==
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A 2009 study saw that subjects using just Moderation Management to reduce their drinking went from having only about one day a week abstinent from alcohol to having 1.5 days a week abstinent (e.g. they would drink six days one week and five days another week).<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2739257|year=2009|last1=Hester|first1=R. K.|title=A web application for moderation training: Initial results of a randomized clinical trial|journal=Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment|volume=37|issue=3|pages=266–276|last2=Delaney|first2=H. D.|last3=Campbell|first3=W.|last4=Handmaker|first4=N.|pmid=19339137|doi=10.1016/j.jsat.2009.03.001}} The study reported that using MM along with an online drink tracker increased the number of days abstinent from alcohol to three or four days a week</ref>
A 2012 paper argues that, while there is little scientific analysis of MM's efficacy, mutual support groups such as ''Moderation Management'' could be effective.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lembke|first1=Anna|author-link=Anna Lembke|last2=Humphreys|first2=Keith
==History==
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Kishline had asked many [[Mental health professional|professionals]] for advice while she was establishing the fellowship, including psychologist [[Jeffrey Schaler]], who wrote the foreword for the first edition of the book, ''Moderate Drinking,'' used in the organization and served on the original board of [[trustee]]s for MM.<ref name="SCHALER1994">{{Cite book|last=Schaler |first=Jeffrey A. |title=Moderate Drinking: The New Option for Problem Drinkers |chapter=Foreword |publisher=See Sharp Press |editor=Kishline, Audrey |year=1994 |edition=First |chapter-url=http://www.schaler.net/Kishlineforeword.htm}}</ref> Schaler split ways with MM over two issues. The first being failure of MM's leadership to condemn member Larry Froistad after he [[Murder of Amanda Froistad|confessed to murdering his daughter]] on an MM support group [[Electronic mailing list|email list]]. The second being a disagreement with MM as to whether there was a medical distinction between problem drinkers and [[alcoholism|alcoholics]]. Schaler's foreword was replaced with one by historian Ernest Kurtz in subsequent editions.<ref name="SCHALER2000">{{Cite book|last=Schaler |first=Jeffrey A. |title=Addiction Is a Choice |publisher=[[Open Court Publishing]] |___location=[[Chicago, Illinois]] |date=January 2000 |chapter=Chapter 10: Moderation Management and Murder |pages=107–114 |chapter-url=http://www.schaler.net/mmurder.htm |isbn=978-0-8126-9403-1}}</ref>
In January 2000 Kishline posted a message to an official MM [[email list]] stating that she had concluded her best drinking goal was abstinence and that she would begin attending [[Alcoholics Anonymous]], [[SMART Recovery]] and [[Women for Sobriety]] meetings while continuing to support MM for others.<ref name="KISHLINE2000">{{cite mailing list | url = http://www.doctordeluca.com/Documents/KishlineToldMM.htm | title = Announcement from Audrey | mailinglist = Moderation Management | date = 2000-01-20 | last = Kishline |first = Audrey |archive-date=2001-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010306062247/http://www.doctordeluca.com/Documents/KishlineToldMM.htm}}</ref> In March 2000, while drunk,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Girvan|first=Amy|date=March 2015|
Kishline continued to drink once released from prison.<ref name="Walker2015"/> Soon after she divorced from her husband and struggled to find work in part due to her felony conviction.<ref name="Walker2015"/> She developed a friendship with the wife and mother of the victims of her drunk driving accident, and together they authored a book together on their relationship.<ref name="Walker2015"/><ref name="KishlineMaloy2007"/> She died at the age of 59 on December 19th, 2014. Her death was said to have been a suicide by two mental health professionals, but this was not confirmed by her family.<ref name="Walker2015"/>
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