Double-loop learning: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 13:54, 18 January 2021

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'''Double-loop learning''' entails the modification of [[goal]]s or [[decision-making]] rules in the light of experience. The first loop uses the goals or decision-making rules, the second loop enables their modification, hence "double-loop". Double-loop learning recognises that the way a problem is defined and solved can be a source of the problem.<ref name=c-argyris-learning>{{cite journal |last1=Argyris |first1=Chris |authorlinkauthor-link=Chris Argyris |title=Teaching smart people how to learn |journal=[[Harvard Business Review]] |date=May 1991 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=99–109 |url=http://pds8.egloos.com/pds/200805/20/87/chris_argyris_learning.pdf |accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> This type of learning can be useful in [[organizational learning]] since it can drive creativity and [[innovation]], going beyond adapting to change to anticipating or being ahead of change.<ref name="Malone">{{Cite book|title=Learning about Learning|last=Malone|first=Samuel A.|publisher=[[Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development]]|year=2003|isbn=0852929897|oclc=52879237|___location=London|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ubxwtycv-xUC&pg=PA80 80]}}</ref>

== Concept ==

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''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]]'' (1963) describes how organizations learn, using (what would now be described as) double-loop learning:

{{Quote|text=An organization ... changes its behavior in response to short-run feedback from the environment according to some fairly well-defined rules. It changes rules in response to longer-run feedback according to more general rules, and so on.|author=[[Richard Cyert]] and [[James G. March]]| source=''A Behavioural Theory of the Firm''<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cyert R.M. |author2=March J.G. |title=''A Behavioral Theory of the Firm |year=1963 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |___location=New Jersey |pages=101–102|title-link=A Behavioral Theory of the Firm }}</ref><ref>Quote taken from p. 9 of ''The Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management'' (2003) which describes this quote as "an early version of the distinction between single and double-loop learning." and refers to the 1963 edition.</ref>}}

== See also ==

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* {{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=J. Scott |last2=Solovey |first2=Andrew D. |date=2007 |title=Second-order change in psychotherapy: the golden thread that unifies effective treatments |___location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |isbn=978-1591474364 |oclc=65195322 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Brockbank |first1=Anne |last2=McGill |first2=Ian |date=2012 |origyear=2006 |chapter=Single and double loop learning |title=Facilitating reflective learning: coaching, mentoring and supervision |edition=2nd |___location=London; Philadelphia |publisher=[[Kogan Page]] |isbn=9780749465070 |oclc=769289635 |pages=22–26 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlinkauthor-link=Chris Argyris |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Ken G. |editor2-last=Hitt |editor2-first=Michael A. |date=2005 |chapter=Double-loop learning in organizations: a theory of action perspective |title=Great minds in management: the process of theory development |___location=Oxford; New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0199276813 |oclc=60418039 |pages=261–279 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Blackman |first1=Deborah |last2=Connelly |first2=James |last3=Henderson |first3=Steven |date=January 2004 |title=Does double loop learning create reliable knowledge? |journal=The Learning Organization |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11–27 |doi=10.1108/09696470410515706 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233720311 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Torbert |first1=William R. |last2=Cook-Greuter |first2=Susanne R. |last3=Fisher |first3=Dalmar |last4=Foldy |first4=Erica |last5=Gauthier |first5=Alain |last6=Keeley |first6=Jackie |last7=Rooke |first7=David |last8=Ross |first8=Sara Nora |last9=Royce |first9=Catherine |last10=Rudolph |first10=Jenny |date=2004 |title=Action inquiry: the secret of timely and transforming leadership |___location=San Francisco |publisher=Berrett-Koehler |isbn=978-1576752647 |oclc=53793296 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Mark K. |date=2013 |origyear=2001 |title=Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning |url=http://www.infed.org/thinkers/argyris.htm |website=infed.org |accessdate=2016-03-19 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Richard P. |date=1996 |chapter=Double-loop, dialogue methods |title=The politics of ethics: methods for acting, learning, and sometimes fighting with others in addressing ethics problems in organizational life |___location=New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0195096651 |oclc=34517566 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicsofethics00rich/page/75 75–105] |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsofethics00rich/page/75 }}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlinkauthor-link=Chris Argyris |date=1999 |origyear=1993 |title=On organizational learning |edition=2nd |___location=Oxford; Malden, MA |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Business]] |isbn=978-0631213086 |oclc=40460132 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Isaacs |first=William N. |date=September 1993 |title=Taking flight: dialogue, collective thinking, and organizational learning |journal=Organizational Dynamics |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=24–39 |doi=10.1016/0090-2616(93)90051-2 |url=http://wayra.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Dialogue-Collective-Thinking-and-Org-Learning_WilliamIsaacs_MIT_1993.pdf |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlinkauthor-link=Chris Argyris |date=1980 |title=Inner contradictions of rigorous research |series=Organizational and occupational psychology |___location=New York |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |isbn=978-0120601509 |oclc=6421943 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Argyris |first1=Chris |authorlink1=Chris Argyris |last2=Schön |first2=Donald A. |authorlink2=Donald Schön |year=1978 |title=Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective |___location=Reading, MA |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |isbn=978-0201001747 |oclc=394956102 |ref=harv |url=https://archive.org/details/organizationalle00chri }}

* {{cite journal |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlinkauthor-link=Chris Argyris |date=September 1976 |title=Single-loop and double-loop models in research on decision making |journal=[[Administrative Science Quarterly]] |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=363–375 |doi=10.2307/2391848 |jstor=2391848 |ref=harv|citeseerx=10.1.1.463.4908 }}

[[Category:Learning methods]]