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ClueBot NG (talk | contribs) m Reverting possible vandalism by Gorbor to version by Markusheimerl1. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (3815629) (Bot) |
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In [[cryptography]], an '''initialization vector''' ('''IV''') or '''starting variable''' ('''SV''')<ref>ISO/IEC 10116:2006 ''Information technology — Security techniques — Modes of operation for an ''n''-bit block cipher''</ref> is a fixed-size input to a [[cryptographic primitive]] that is typically required to be [[random]] or [[pseudorandom]]. [[Randomization]] is crucial for [[encryption]] schemes to achieve [[semantic security]], a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same [[cryptographic key|key]] does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between segments of the encrypted message. For [[block cipher]]s, the use of an IV is described by the [[Block cipher mode of operation|modes of operation]]. Randomization is also required for other primitives, such as [[universal hash function]]s and [[message authentication code]]s based thereon.
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