Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Agni-II missile (Republic Day Parade 2004).jpeg|thumb|300px|right|An [[Agni-II]] during the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade in 2004.]]

The '''Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme''' (IGMDP) was an Indian [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] programme for the [[research and development]] of the comprehensive range of [[missile]]s. The programme was managed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) and [[Ordnance Factories Board]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ofb.gov.in/units/index.php?unit=ofi&page=my_2&lang=en |title=Indian Ordnance Factories: Ordnance Factory Itarsi |publisher=Ofb.gov.in |access-date= |accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref> in partnership with other [[Indian government]] political organisations.<ref name="brahmos-site-igmdp">{{cite web

|title = Integrated Guided Missile Development Program

|url = http://brahmos.com/content.php?id=10&sid=25

|accessdateaccess-date = 9 June 2012

|url-status = dead

|archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120321081536/http://brahmos.com/content.php?id=10&sid=25

|archivedatearchive-date = 21 March 2012

|df = dmy-all

}}</ref> The project started in 1982–83 under the leadership of [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|Abdul Kalam]] who oversaw its ending in 2008 after these strategic missiles were successfully developed.

On 8 January 2008, the DRDO formally announced the successful rated guided missile programme was completed with its design objectives achieved since most of the missiles in the programme had been developed and inducted by the [[Indian armed forces]].<ref name="hindu-igmdp-over">{{cite news

| last =

| first =

| title = India scraps integrated guided missile programme

| newspaper = The Hindu

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| date = 9 January 2008

| url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/000200801090301.htm

| accessdateaccess-date = 9 June 2012

}}</ref>

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|date=31 January 2009

|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2603/stories/20090213260309700.htm

|accessdateaccess-date=31 May 2012

|url-status=dead

|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207034302/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2603/stories/20090213260309700.htm

|archivedatearchive-date=7 February 2013

|df=dmy-all

}}</ref>

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The '''Prithvi missile''' (from [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] पृथ्वी ''[[prithvi|{{IAST|pṛthvī}}]]'' "Earth") is a family of tactical [[Surface-to-surface missile|surface-to-surface]] short-range [[ballistic missile]]s (SRBM) and is India's first indigenously developed ballistic missile. Development of the Prithvi began in 1983, and it was first test-fired on 25 February 1988 from Sriharikota, SHAR Centre, Pottisreeramulu Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. It has a range of up to 150 to 300&nbsp;km. The land variant is called '''Prithvi''' while the naval operational variant of Prithvi I and Prithvi III class missiles are code named '''Dhanush''' (meaning '''Bow'''). Both variants are used for surface targets.

The Prithvi is said to have its propulsion technology derived from the Soviet [[SA-2]] surface-to-air missile.<ref>{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/prithvi.htm |title=Prithvi – India Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date= |accessdate=2010-10-08}}</ref> Variants make use of either liquid or both liquid and solid fuels. Developed as a battlefield missile, it could carry a nuclear warhead in its role as a tactical [[nuclear weapon]].

The initial project framework of the IGMDP envisioned the Prithvi missile as a short-range ballistic missile with variants for the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy.<ref>[http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/indiach2.htm Centre for Non Proliferation Studies Archive] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011202044243/http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/indiach2.htm |date=2 December 2001 }} ''accessed'' 18 October 2006.</ref> Over the years the ''Prithvi'' missile specifications have undergone a number of changes. The Prithvi I class of missiles were inducted into the Indian Army in 1994, and it is reported that Prithvi I missiles are being withdrawn from service, being replaced with Prahar missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/20130701_prahar_to_replace_privthi.html |title=After 17 years in service, the Prithvi I missile will give way to smaller and better Prahar |publisher=defense-update.com |access-date= |accessdate=2013-07-01}}</ref> Prithvi II missiles were inducted in 1996. ''Prithvi III'' class has a longer-range of 350&nbsp;km, and was successfully test fired in 2004.<ref name=janes-dhanush>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Naval-Weapon-Systems/Dhanush-Sagarika-Project-K-15-India.html |title=Dhanush/Sagarika (Project K-15) (India) – Jane's Naval Weapon Systems |publisher=Janes.com |access-date= |accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref>

== Agni Re-entry Technology ==

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== Trishul ==

{{main|Trishul (missile)}}

'''Trishul''' ([[Sanskrit]]: त्रिशूल, meaning ''[[trident]]'') is the name of a short range [[surface-to-air missile]] developed by India as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It has a range of 12&nbsp;km and is fitted with a 5.5&nbsp;kg [[warhead]]. Designed to be used against low-level (sea skimming) targets at short range, the system has been developed to defend [[naval]] vessels against missiles and also as a short-range surface-to-air missile on land. According to reports, the range of the missile is 12&nbsp;km and is fitted with a 15&nbsp;kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130&nbsp;kg. The length of the missile is 3.1 m.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3210 |title=Trishul Surface To Air Missile Not A Failure Says Government |publisher=India-defence.com |date=17 May 2007 |accessdateaccess-date=2010-08-31}}</ref> India officially shut down the project on 27 February 2008.<ref name=trishul_shut/> In 2003, Defence Minister [[George Fernandes]] had indicated that the Trishul missile had been de-linked from user service and would be continued as a technology demonstrator.

== Akash ==

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The first test flight of Akash missile was conducted in 1990, with development flights up to March 1997.

The IAF has initiated the process to induct the [[Akash missile|Akash]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s developed as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme. The Multiple target handling capability of Akash weapon system was demonstrated by live firing in a C4I environment during the trials. Two Akash missiles intercepted two fast moving targets in simultaneous engagement mode in 2005 itself. The Akash System's 3-D central acquisition radar (3-D car) group mode performance was then fully established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams/ |title=IAF initiates process for inducting Akash and Trishul SAM's |publisher=Frontierindia.net |date=3 May 2007 |accessdateaccess-date=2010-08-31 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325051818/http://frontierindia.net/iaf-initiates-process-for-inducting-akash-and-trishul-sams/ |archivedatearchive-date=25 March 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-defence.com/reports-3629 |title=Air Force Impressed With Akash Surface To Air Missiles Performance |publisher=India-defence.com |access-date= |accessdate=2010-08-31}}</ref>

In December 2007 [[Indian Air Force]] completed user trials for the Akash missile system. The trials, which were spread over ten days, were successful, and the missile hit its target on all five occasions. Before the ten-day trial at Chandipur, the Akash system's ECCM Evaluation tests were carried out at Gwalior Air force base while mobility trials for the system vehicles were carried out at Pokhran. The IAF had evolved the user Trial Directive to verify the Akash's consistency in engaging targets. The following trials were conducted: Against low-flying near-range target, long-range high-altitude target, crossing and approaching target and ripple firing of two missiles from the same launcher against a low-altitude receding target.<ref>[http://www.drdo.com/bnews/jan08/akash_test.htm "DRDO report on Akash Air Defence Weapon System"]''[[DRDO]]''</ref>

Following this, the IAF declared that it would initiate the induction of 2 squadrons strength (each squadron with 2 batteries) of this missile system, to begin with. Once deliveries are complete, further orders would be placed to replace retiring SA-3 GOA (Pechora) SAM systems.<ref name="Sify News">{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14580887 |title=IAF to induct indigenous Akash missile |accessdateaccess-date=27 December 2007 |date=26 December 2007<!--, 00:17&nbsp;am-->|publisher=[[Sify News]]}}</ref><ref>Ajai Shukla (23 January 2008)[http://www.business-standard.com/common/news_article.php?leftnm=lmnu2&subLeft=1&autono=311447&tab=r "Missile mission meets target" ] ''[[Business Standard]]''</ref> In February 2010, the Indian Air Force ordered six more squadrons of the Akash system, taking orders to eight of the type. The Indian Army is also expected to order the Akash system.

== Nag ==