Container compression test: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:06, 23 November 2020

Revision as of 06:25, 14 December 2020

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* The ability of a container to protect the contents from compression damage

* etc.

The dynamic loads have some relationship with expected field loads.:<ref>{{cite journal |last=Burgess |first=G|author2=Singh, Srinagyam |date=July 2005 |title=Predicting Collapse Times for Corrugated Boxes Under Top Load|journal=Journal of Testing and Evaluation |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages= |id=|url= |quote= }}</ref> often factors of 4 or 5 are used to estimate the allowable working load on boxes.

A test can also be conducted with platens that are not mechanically driven but are free to move with a fixed mass (or fixed force) loaded upon them. The results of static load testing can be:

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* Size and construction of the specific shipping container under test

* Grade and flute structure of [[corrugated fiberboard]]

* [[moisture content]] of the corrugated board (based on [[relative humidity]])<ref>{{cite journal |last=Miltz |first=J|author2=Rosen-Doody |date=February 1981 |title=Effect of atmospheric environment on the performance of corrugated|journal=Packaging Technology|volume= |issue= |pages=19–23 |id=|url= |quote= }}</ref>

* Orientation of the box during the test

* Inner supports, if used during testing (wood, corrugated board, cushioning)

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| title = Box and Closure: Partners in Performance

| journal = Journal of Packaging Technology

| volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages =

}}</ref>

* Whether the compression machine has "fixed" or "floating" (swiveled) platens.

* Previous handling or testing of box<ref>{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=S. P.|author2=Pratheepthinthong |date=July 2000 |title=Loss of Compression Strength in Corrugated Shipping Containers Shipped in the Single Parcel Environment|journal=Journal of Testing and Evaluation|volume=28 |issue=4 |pages= |id=|url= |quote= }}</ref>

*Vent and [[package handle|hand holes]]<ref>{{Citation

| last =Fadiji

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| journal =AZOJETE

| volume =14

| issue =

| pages =194–201

| date =2018

| url =https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58363337/AZOJETE-CIGR_19_194-201.pdf?1549687286=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DTHE_ROLE_OF_HORTICULTURAL_PACKAGE_VENT_H.pdf&Expires=1600537321&Signature=aikwpcP68LIvJexSUqyf9mWiLUgLdMWQxSEB4MPixHGmQ5sXUdLWEXVfmfKgZl62LxdAbjCnfVoXtsv5elZYS-sVEPye7hIYaAP2ttOw6-qW94zNegP1qXmsjI0Hb3iirvcz7O2dsHAscnDHusoV5-Xzy-XCM17xOjLf7c5qx2dwQauDYrEZm4CoQuFoxvmTRfT55tf0CrIIRcC~w8EmX9zY9B4OgFT1CDIlj9RSdSXsclVUqLkfCxhBT0b37oN0qypBzbQzPVN7xHVzg3LoIEl0-Lc8ukr-0sEmL-vis-zDbPW2Pv3OTKDSqIUnGBv375Xxl9LdAw1icwwa7rFpHQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

| accessdateaccess-date =16 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Citation

| last =Singh

| first =J

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===Estimations===

Corrugated fiberboard can be evaluated by many material test methods including an [[Edge crush test|Edge Crush Test]] (ECT). There have been efforts to estimate the peak compression strength of a box (usually empty, regular singelwall slotted containers, top-to-bottom) based on various board properties. Some have involved [[finite element analysis]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Urbanik|first=T J|date=July 1981 |title=Effect of paperboard stress strain characteristics on strength of singlewall corrugated boxes|journal=US Forest Products Laboratory Report|volume=401 |issue= |series=FPL|pages= |id=|url= |quote= }}</ref> One of the commonly referenced [[empirical]] estimations was published by [[Edge crush test|McKee]] in 1963.<ref>{{cite journal |last=McKee|first=R C|author2=Gander, Wachuta |date=August 1963 |title=Compression strength formula for corrugated boxes|journal=Paperboard Packaging |volume=48 |issue=8 |pages= |id=|url= |quote= }}</ref> This used the board ECT, the MD and CD flexural stiffness, the box perimeter, and the box depth. Simplifications have used a formula involving the board ECT, the board thickness, and the box perimeter. Most estimations do not relate well to other box orientations, box styles, or to filled boxes. [[Physical test]]ing of filled and closed boxes remains necessary.

===Calculating compression requirement===

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==Dynamic compression==

Containers can be subjected to compression forces that involve distribution dynamics. For example, a package may be impacted by an object being dropped onto it (vertical load) or impacted by freight sliding into it (horizontal load). Vehicle vibration can involve a stack of containers and create dynamic compression responses.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Godshall|first=D |year=1971 |title=Frequency response, damping, and transmissibility of top loaded corrugated containers|journal=US Forest Products Laboratory Report|volume=160 |issue= |series=FPL|pages= |id=|url=http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp160.pdf|accessdateaccess-date=28 June 2011 |quote= }}</ref> [[Package testing]] methods are available to evaluate these compression dynamics.

==See also==