Pre- and post-test probability: Difference between revisions

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For example, the [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of [[breast cancer]] in a woman in the United Kingdom at age 55 to 59 is estimated at approximately 280 cases per 100.000 per year,<ref name=cancerresearchuk>[http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/prod_consump/groups/cr_common/@nre/@sta/documents/generalcontent/cases_crude_breast1_xls.xls Excel chart] for ''Figure 1.1: Breast Cancer (C50), Average Number of New Cases per Year and Age-Specific Incidence Rates, UK, 2006-2008'' at [http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/breast/incidence/ Breast cancer - UK incidence statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514135436/http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/breast/incidence/ |date=14 May 2012 }} at Cancer Research UK. Section updated 18/07/11.</ref> and the risk factor of having been exposed to high-dose [[ionizing radiation]] to the chest (for example, as treatments for other cancers) confers a relative risk of breast cancer between 2.1 and 4.0,<!--

--><ref name="acs bc facts 2005-6">{{cite web |author=ACS |year=2005 |title=Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005–2006 |url=http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF2005BrFacspdf2005.pdf |format=PDF|accessdateaccess-date=2007-04-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613192148/http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF2005BrFacspdf2005.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2007-06-13 |author-link= American Cancer Society}}</ref> compared to unexposed. Because a low fraction of the population is exposed, the prevalence in the unexposed population can be assumed equal to the prevalence in the general population. Subsequently, it can be estimated that a woman in the United Kingdom that is aged between 55 and 59 and that has been exposed to high-dose ionizing radiation should have a risk of developing breast cancer over a period of one year of between 588 and 1.120 in 100.000 (that is, between 0,6% and 1.1%).

====Multiple risk factors====