Hypertext Editing System: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:HypertextEditingSystemConsoleBrownUniv1969.jpg|thumb|right|Hypertext Editing System (HES) [[IBM 2250]] Display console, with [[lightpen]]  – Brown University 1969]]

The '''Hypertext Editing System''', or '''HES''', was an early [[hypertext]] research project conducted at [[Brown University]] in 1967 by [[Andries van Dam]], [[Ted Nelson]], and several Brown students.<ref name="hypertext50">Brown University Department of Computer Science. (23 May 2019). [http://cs.brown.edu/events/halfcenturyofhypertext/ A Half-Century of Hypertext at Brown] </ref> It was the first hypertext system available on commercial equipment that novices could use.<ref>Barnet, Belinda. (2010). [http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/4/1/000081/000081.html Crafting the User-Centered Document Interface: The Hypertext Editing System (HES) and the File Retrieval and Editing System (FRESS)]. Digital Humanities Quarterly, Vol 4 No 1.</ref>

HES organized data into two main types: links and branching text. The branching text could automatically be arranged into menus and a point within a given area could also have an assigned name, called a label, and be accessed later by that name from the screen. Although HES pioneered many modern hypertext concepts, its emphasis was on text formatting and printing.

HES first ran on anBrown's [[IBM System/360 Model 50]] campus [[mainframe computer]] "Although it was shared with others, whichit was inefficienta formulti-million-dollar thepiece processingof powertechnology requiredhoused byin thea systemlarge machine room that van Dam’s team was able to use as essentially a personal computer between midnight and 4 AM."<ref name="hypertext50" /> The program was used by [[NASA]]'s Houston Manned Spacecraft Center for documentation on the [[Apollo program|Apollo]] space program.<ref>van Dam, Andries. (1988, July). [http://www.cs.brown.edu/memex/HT_87_Keynote_Address.html Hypertext '87 keynote address]. ''[[Communications of the ACM]]'', 31, 887–895.</ref> The project's research was funded by [[IBM]] but the program was stopped around 1969, and replaced by the [[File Retrieval and Editing System|FRESS]] (File Retrieval and Editing System) project.

Ted Nelson claims credit for inventing the back button with regards to hypertext, as the Hypertext Editing System was the first system that contained one.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Memory machines : the evolution of hypertext|last=Barnet, Belinda|isbn=9780857280794|___location=London|pages=104|oclc=855019922|date = 2013-07-15}}</ref>