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The [[toric code]] is a two-dimensional spin-lattice that acts as a quantum error-correcting code. It is defined on a two-dimensional lattice with [[torus|toric]] [[boundary conditions]] with a spin-1/2 on each link. It can be shown that the ground-state of the standard toric code Hamiltonian is an ''equal-weight superposition'' of closed-string states.<ref name=kitaevlaumann>{{Cite arXiv|last=Kitaev|first=Alexei, Y.|author2=Chris Laumann |title=Topological phases and quantum computation|date=2009|eprint=0904.2771|class=cond-mat.mes-hall}}</ref> Such a ground-state is an example of a string-net condensate<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Physical Review A|volume=85|issue=6|page=062328|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.85.062328|last=Morimae|first=Tomoyuki|title=Quantum computational tensor network on string-net condensate|date=2012|arxiv=1012.1000|bibcode = 2012PhRvA..85f2328M |s2cid=118522495}}</ref> which has the same [[topological order]]
