'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Marwan: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 12:56, 31 ott 2018

Versione delle 18:47, 31 ott 2018

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{{Bio

|Nome = ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz

|Cognome = ibn Marwān b. al-Ḥakam

|PreData = {{Arabo| ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ}}

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Figlio del primo [[califfo]] del ramo marwanide della dinastia omayyade, [[Marwan ibn al-Hakam|Marwān I b. al-Ḥakam]] (m. 685), e di una donna dei [[Banu Kalb]], era fratello consanguineo del califfo [['Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan|ʿAbd al-Malik]], al quale premorì di poco più di 4 mesi. <!--He was an heir to the caliphate and served as governor of the province of Egypt and North Africa, the latter position granted to him by his father on 1 Rajab 65/11 February 685. When ʿAbd al-Malik became caliph shortly thereafter, he required the loyal service of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz until the counter-caliph Ibn al-Zubayr was finally eliminated in 73/692.

Quando ʿAbd al-Malik divenne califfo, chiese e ottenne dal fratellastro tutto il suo leale appoggio nella sua lotta contro l'anti-califfo Ibn al-Zubayr, infine sconfitto nel 692.

During his governorship, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz consolidated his hold over Egypt and curried favour with its Muslims by popular measures, including adopting an attitude of religious piety that was continued long after his death by his son ʿUmar II (d. 101/720). His policy toward the majority Coptic Christian population in Egypt, although mostly cordial, followed that of the caliph and included restrictions on the public display of Christianity outside of church buildings, a step which generally reflected the increasingly ideological content of the struggle with the Byzantine Empire under the Marwānids. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz supervised closely the election of each Coptic patriarch and from about 70/689 required that the patriarch reside part of the time near his official residence within the Patriarchate's new administrative centre at Ḥulwān.

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz fu un amministratoire efficiente e tolerante del suo governatorato, che oltre all'Egitto, abbracciava anche il [[Nordafrica]] fiuno ad allora conquistato, ma ciò non significò la fine delle discriminazioni verso la maggioranza [[cristiana]] [[copta]] del Paese, cui era vietato ostentare pubblicamente i segni della sua fede, motivata anche dal timore di intelligenza col nemico bizantino che avev dominato l'Egitto fino alla resa a condizione trattata dal [[Muqawqis]] con [['Amr ibn al-'As]].

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz had been designated an heir to the caliphate by his father Marwān, who placed him in line after ʿAbd al-Malik. When Marwān died ʿAbd al-Malik first continued to honour the arrangement, but came to desire that his son al-Walīd, when old enough, would supplant ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz declined to renounce his right to the caliphate and ʿAbd al-Malik dropped the matter, thereby avoiding a breach between the brothers. The problem ultimately resolved itself when, on 13 Jumādā I 86/12 May 705, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz predeceased ʿAbd al-Malik by four months and the latter was able to appoint his sons al-Walīd (d. 96/715) and Sulaymān (d. 99/717) as his successors. Nevertheless, the son of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, the pious ʿUmar II, eventually became caliph, illustrating continued cooperation between the two Marwānid branches.

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La sua morte, avvenuta prima di quella del fratello califfo, eliminò un possibile motivo di grave contrasto tra i due, dal momento che ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (designato secondo nell'ordine di succesisone dal comune padre Marwān) non volle acconsentire a essere scavalcato da [[al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik|al-Walīd]], come era invece preciso desiderio del padre ʿAbd al-Malik.

I diritti di ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz rimasero comunque in qualche modo intatti, tant'è vero che dopo al-Walīd (m. nel 715) e dopo suo fratello [[Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik|Sulaymān]] (m. nel 717), il figlio di ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, [['Umar ibn Abd al-'Aziz|ʿUmar II]], salì sul trono califfale, mettendo per sempre fine al potenziale contrasto tra le due branche del ramo marwanide omayyade.