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=== Formation of C3 convertase ===
The binding of C1q leads to conformational changes and the activation of the serine protease C1r. The activated C1r then cleaves and activates the serine protease C1s.<ref name="Complement history" /><ref name="C1q" /> The activated C1s cleaves [[Complement component 4|C4]] into C4a and C4b, and C2 into C2a and C2b.<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Krych-Goldberg|first = M.|last2 = Atkinson|first2 = J. P.|date = 2001-04-01|title = Structure-function relationships of complement receptor type 1|journal = Immunological Reviews|volume = 180|pages = 112–122|issn = 0105-2896|pmid = 11414353|doi=10.1034/j.1600-065x.2001.1800110.x}}</ref> The larger fragments C4b and C2b<ref>Overview of Complement Activation and Regulation</ref> form C4b2b (according to old terminology, C2a and C4b2a), a C3 convertase of the classical pathway.<ref name="Complement in disease" /> C3 convertase then cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. While the [[anaphylatoxin]] C3a interacts with its [[C3a receptor]] (C3aR) to recruit leukocytes, C3b contributes to further downstream complement activation.<ref name="Overview of Complement" /><ref name="Complement history" />
===Formation of C5 convertase and MAC===
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