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==Critical values==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
The ''α''-level upper [[critical value]] of a [[probability distribution]] is the value exceeded with probability α, that is, the value ''x''<sub>''α''</sub> such that ''F''(''x''<sub>''α''</sub>) = 1 − ''α'' where ''F'' is the cumulative distribution function. There are standard notations for the upper critical values of some commonly used distributions in statistics:
*''z''<sub>''α''</sub> or ''z''(''α'') for the [[standard normal distribution]]
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