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The first recorded steam device, the [[aeolipile|''aeolipile'']], was invented by [[Hero of Alexandria]] (sometimes Heron) in the [[1st century]] AD, but used only as a toy.<ref>Heron Alexandrinus (Hero of Alexandria) (ca. 62 [[Common Era|CE]]): ''Pneumatica''. Reprinted 1998 by K G Saur GmbH, Munich. ISBN 3-519-01413-0.</ref> In [[1663]], [[Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester]] published designs for, and may have installed, a steam-powered engine for pumping water at [[Vauxhall]] House.<ref>[http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/thurston/1878/Chapter1.html University of Rochester, NY, ''The growth of the steam engine'' online history resource, chapter one.]</ref>
[[Image:Papinengine.jpg|thumb|left|The first piston steam engine, developed by Denis Papin in [[1690]].]]
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In about [[1680]] the French physicist [[Denis Papin]], with the help of [[Gottfried Leibniz]], built a steam digester for softening bones, i.e. he invented the world's first [[pressure cooker]]. Later designs implemented a steam-release valve to keep the device from exploding. By watching the valve rhythmically move up and down Papin conceived of the idea of a [[piston]] and [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] engine. Papin wrote up the designs for such a device (as pictured adjacent), however he never built an actual steam engine. The English engineer [[Thomas Savery]] later used Papin's designs to build the world's first operational steam engine.<ref>Carlyle, E I; revised Lyndsey, Christopher F (2004): ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Oxford University Press.</ref>
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