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Riga 8:
|Stato= {{SCO}}
|Suddivisione=
|Provincia= [[AyrshireArgyll Meridionaleand Bute]]
|Città= [[Kilmartin]]
|Coordinate geografiche= {{coord|56.1515|N|5.4809|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
|Tipologia= [[Castello]]
|Stile= [[medioevorinascimento]]
|Inizio costruzione= [[XVI secolo]]
|Termine costruzione=
|Termine funzione strategica= [[Guerre d'indipendenza scozzesi]]
|Costruttore=
|Primo proprietario=
Riga 21:
|Note=
|Sito web=
|Ref= <ref name=hs>{{Cita web | lingua = en | url =httphttps://portalwww.historicenvironment.scot/designationvisit-a-place/places/carnasserie-castle/SM90112 |titolo=Carnasserie Castle,castle,garden,enclosure and cup-marked stone SM90112SM90061 |editore=[[Historic Scotland|Historic Environment Scotland]] |accesso=13 novembre 2018-12-10}}</ref>
}}
Il '''castello di Carnasserie''' è un castello parzialmente in rovina della [[Scozia]].
 
== Storia ==
[[File:Carnasserie, View of Castle, 1903.jpg|thumb|upright|Il castello di Carnasserie nel 1903.]]
The castle was built by reforming churchman [[John Carswell]], who was Rector of Kilmartin, Chancellor of the Chapel Royal at [[Stirling]], and later titular [[Bishop of the Isles]]. Carswell published the first book to be printed in [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]], a translation of [[John Knox]]'s ''[[Book of Common Order]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McCaulay|first1=Murdo|title=Religious History of Lewis|url=http://www.alastairmcintosh.com/islandspirituality/1980-Murdo-Macaulay-Religious-History-Lewis.pdf|website=www.alastairmcintosh.com|accessdate=13 December 2017}}</ref> Construction began in 1565 using masons brought from Stirling; although notionally built for Carswell's patron, the [[Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll|Earl of Argyll]], he intended it as a personal residence for himself.
Il terzo castello fu costruito da Robert the Stewart, probabilmente per sottolineare la propria ascesa al trono come [[Roberto II di Scozia]], avvenuta nel 1371. Si trattava di un edificio a tre piani che rimase una delle residenza favorite del sovrano<ref>{{Cita libro | capitolo = Carnasserie | titolo = Nuovo dizionario geografico universale, statistico,storico, commerciale | volume = 2 | nome = Giuseppe | cognome = Antonelli | anno = 1828 | url = https://books.google.it/books?id=dFvO7tDElO0C&pg=PA288&dq=Carnasserie+castello&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiulriHmtfeAhUEkywKHQqpCCsQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=Carnasserie%20castello&f=false | accesso = 2018-11-15}}</ref>. Nel piano superiore si trovavano le stanze nelle quali risiedeva in genere la famiglia dei proprietari, che sovrastavano una grande sala a volta destinata al ricevimento degli ospiti e ai banchetti. Al primo piano si trovavano altre due sale utilizzate per attività pubbliche, mentre il pianterreno era destinato a magazzino ed era probabilmente suddiviso in locali più piccoli per conservare diverse provviste come vino, birra, granaglie e combustibile.
 
On Carswell's death in 1572, the castle passed to the Earl of Argyll and sold in 1643 to Sir Dugald Campbell, 3rd [[Campbell baronets#Campbell of Auchinbreck|Baronet of Auchinbreck]]. His successor Duncan Campbell was one of the few to actively support [[Argyll's Rising]] against James VII in 1685.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kennedy|first1=Allan|title=Rebellion, Government and the Scottish Response to Argyll's Rising of 1685|journal=Journal of Scottish Historical Studies,|date=April 2016|volume=36|issue=1|page=44|url=http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jshs.2016.0167}}</ref> The Atholl Raid that followed the failure of the Rising devastated large parts of Argyllshire; despite recovering his estates in 1689, Duncan Campbell was financially ruined. In 1690, he petitioned Parliament claiming Maclean clansmen burnt Carnasserie Castle, stole 2,000 cattle and murdered his uncle Alexander Campbell of Strondour.<ref>{{cite book|title=The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Volume VII|date=1845|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=1276718632|page=545|edition=2012}}</ref> Although the outer walls remain largely undamaged, Carnasserie was never rebuilt and the Auchinbrecks eventually went bankrupt. In the 19th century the estate was sold to the [[Malcolms of Poltalloch]], who also own nearby [[Duntrune Castle]]. Today the castle and its surroundings are protected as a [[scheduled monument]].<ref name=schedule>{{cite web |url=http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/SM90061 |title=Carnasserie Castle, castle, garden, enclosure and cup-marked stone. SM90061 |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=15 March 2017}}</ref> The castle is in the care of [[Historic Environment Scotland]] and is open to the public.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/carnasserie-castle/ |title=Carnasserie Castle |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=15 March 2017}}</ref>
 
==Architettura==
[[Image:CarnasserieCastle002.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Carnasserie Castle seen from the south-west, with the hall house in the foreground.]]
Carnasserie has only ever been slightly altered, in the late 17th century, and so presents an accurate picture of 16th-century architecture. Although sited on raised ground close to a strategic pass at the head of [[Kilmartin Glen]], it was designed more for domestic rather than military purposes.<ref>Walker, p.76</ref>
 
The castle comprises a 5-storey tower house, with a longer three storey hall house, providing a substantial range of accommodation. At basement level are the remains of cellars and a kitchen with a large fireplace and water inlet. Above this is the large hall. This is connected to a large drawing room in the tower house, which retains its stone floor and large fireplace with finely carved stone decoration.<ref name=schedule/> A broad stair rises from the entrance to the hall, contained in a small tower to the north-west. A second smaller stair leads up from the hall to the parapet walk on three sides of the tower house. Upper rooms would have contained bedrooms.
Alla fine del [[XIX secolo]] fu dotato di alcune stanze addizionali e di una prigione. Il cortile esterno (detto più propriamente ''[[barmkin]]'') venne completato con edifici secondari (stalle, un birrificio, una officina per il fabbro etc.) costruiti a ridosso delle mura perimetrali. Praticamente tutto ciò che si vede oggi dell'edificio risale a questo ''terzo castello'', compresa la torre che domina la collina. Il castello di Carnasserie comprendeva un tempo anche una cappella dedicata a [[Sant'Inan]].<ref>{{en}}, McJannet, Arnold F. (1938), ''The Royal Burgh of Irvine''. Glasgow : Civil Press. p. 14.</ref>
 
The exterior displays numerous "double keyhole" gunloops, as well as decorative string courses and corbelling. Over the entrance are blank panels framed by carved supports, as well as the arms of the 5th Earl of Argyll with the Gaelic motto DIA LE UA NDUIBHNE, "God be with O'Duine", referring to the semi-legendary ancestors of [[Clan Campbell]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/22835/carnassarie-castle |title=Carnasserie Castle |work=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=15 March 2017}}</ref> At the top of the tower are the remains of open rounds along the parapet, and a caphouse above the stair. Fragments of carved drain spouts have been found, and are on display in the cellars.
Oggi il castello è visitabile a pagamento; il centro visite alla base della collina ospita un locale didattico dedicato alla sua storia.<ref>{{Cita libro | capitolo = Troon | titolo = Scozia | nome1 = Andy | cognome1 = Symington | nome2 = Neil | cognome2 = Wilson | editore = EDT| url = https://books.google.it/books?id=QSw_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT328&dq=Carnasserie+castello&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiulriHmtfeAhUEkywKHQqpCCsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Carnasserie%20castello&f=false | accesso = 2018-11-15}}</ref>
 
To the south and west is a partially walled courtyard garden. An archway bears the inscription SDC LHL 1681, for Sir Duncan Campbell, 4th Baronet and Lady Henrietta Lindsay, whose support for Argyll's uprising led to the castle's destruction.
==Nella cultura popolare==
 
Il castello di Carnasserie appare nel romanzo di [[Jules Verne]] ''[[Le Indie nere]]''.<ref>{{Cita libro | lingua = fr | titolo = Les Indes Noires | nome = Jules | cognome = Verne | wkautore = Jules Verne | editore = Seltzer Books | anno = 2018 | url = https://books.google.it/books?id=P-BfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT129&dq=Les+Indes+noires+Carnasserie&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiGt-mcqtTeAhVD66QKHT_nAIUQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=Les%20Indes%20noires%20Carnasserie&f=false | accesso = 2018-11-15}}</ref>
==Note==
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