Animal–computer interaction: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Field of research}}

'''Animal-computer interaction''' ('''ACI''') is a field of research for the design and use of technology with, for and by animals covering different kinds of animals from wildlife to domesticated animals in different roles. It emerged from, and iswas heavily influenced by, the discipline of [[Human–computer interaction|human-computer interaction]] (HCI). As the field expanded, it has become increasingly multi-disciplinary, incorporating techniques and research from disciplines such as [[Artificial intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] (AI), [[Requirements engineering|Requirements Engineering]] (RE), and [[Veterinary medicine|Veterinary Science]].

The ACI community has organised its flagship conference, the International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction, as a yearly stand-alone event since 2016 with its proceedings published in the ACM Digital Library. It incorporates doctoral consortia for junior researchers to become acquainted with the field, and co-located workshops to stimulate collaboration on emerging topics. Since 2020, a yearly International Summer School on Animal-Centred Computing has been organised which exposes ACI researchers and students to a wide variety of experts from veterinary science to interaction design.

In an ''ACI Manifesto'' (2011), Mancini defines one aim of ACI as understanding "the interaction between animals and computing technology within the contexts in which animals habitually live, are active, and socialize with members of the same or other species, including humans".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|date=July 2011|title=Animal-computer Interaction: A Manifesto|journal=Interactions|volume=18|issue=4|pages=69–73|doi=10.1145/1978822.1978836|issn=1072-5520|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/28857/1/ACI-Manifesto-OpenResearchOnline.pdf}}</ref> He additionally proposes three core design goals for the field: enhancing animals' quality of life and wellbeing; supporting animals in the functions assigned to them by humans; and supporting human-animal relationships. Accordingly, ACI research gives considerable attention to questions of animal ethics,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|title=Towards an animal-centred ethics for Animal–Computer Interaction|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=221–233|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.008|year=2017|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/46164/1/Mancini_1-s2.0-S1071581916300180-main.pdf}}</ref> welfare,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=van der Linden|first2=Janet|last3=Kortuem|first3=Gerd|last4=Dewsbury|first4=Guy|last5=Mills|first5=Daniel|last6=Boyden|first6=Paula|date=2014|title=UbiComp for Animal Welfare: Envisioning Smart Environments for Kenneled Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing|series=UbiComp '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=117–128|doi=10.1145/2632048.2632073|isbn=9781450329682|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/41242/1/ubicomp%202014%20p117-mancini%20animal%20welfare%20in%20kennels.pdf}}</ref> consent and power.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2016/power-participation-and-the-dog-internet|title=Power, Participation, and the Dog Internet|last=Lawson|first=Shaun|date=August 2016|work=Interactions|access-date=23 Nov 2017|last2=Kirman|first2=Ben|pages=37|last3=Linehan|first3=Conor}}</ref>

In an ''ACI Manifesto'' (2011), Mancini defines one aim of ACI as understanding "the interaction between animals and computing technology within the contexts in which animals habitually live, are active, and socializesocialise with members of the same or other species, including humans".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|date=July 2011|title=Animal-computer Interaction: A Manifesto|journal=Interactions|volume=18|issue=4|pages=69–73|doi=10.1145/1978822.1978836|issn=1072-5520|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/28857/1/ACI-Manifesto-OpenResearchOnline.pdf}}</ref> HeShe additionally proposes three core design goals for the field: enhancing animals' quality of life and wellbeing; supporting animals in the functions assigned to them by humans; and supporting human-animal relationships. Accordingly, some ACI research giveshas given considerable attention to questions of animal ethics,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|title=Towards an animal-centred ethics for Animal–Computer Interaction|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=221–233|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.008|year=2017|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/46164/1/Mancini_1-s2.0-S1071581916300180-main.pdf}}</ref> welfare,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=van der Linden|first2=Janet|last3=Kortuem|first3=Gerd|last4=Dewsbury|first4=Guy|last5=Mills|first5=Daniel|last6=Boyden|first6=Paula|date=2014|title=UbiComp for Animal Welfare: Envisioning Smart Environments for Kenneled Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing|series=UbiComp '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=117–128|doi=10.1145/2632048.2632073|isbn=9781450329682|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/41242/1/ubicomp%202014%20p117-mancini%20animal%20welfare%20in%20kennels.pdf}}</ref> consent and power.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2016/power-participation-and-the-dog-internet|title=Power, Participation, and the Dog Internet|last=Lawson|first=Shaun|date=August 2016|work=Interactions|access-date=23 Nov 2017|last2=Kirman|first2=Ben|pages=37|last3=Linehan|first3=Conor}}</ref>

A central theme of ACI research is establishing how user-centred design approaches and HCI methods can be adapted to design for animals.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Westerlaken|first=Michelle|last2=Gualeni|first2=Stefano|date=2016|title=Becoming with: Towards the Inclusion of Animals As Participants in Design Processes|journal=Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI '16|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=1:1–1:10|doi=10.1145/2995257.2995392|isbn=9781450347587}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Zamansky|first=Anna|last2=Roshier|first2=Amanda|last3=Mancini|first3=Clara|last4=Collins|first4=Emily C.|last5=Hall|first5=Carol|last6=Grillaert|first6=Katie|last7=Morrison|first7=Ann|last8=North|first8=Steve|last9=Wirman|first9=Hanna|date=2017|title=A Report on the First International Workshop on Research Methods in Animal-Computer Interaction|journal=Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI EA '17|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=806–815|doi=10.1145/3027063.3052759|isbn=9781450346566|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48586/1/main-11.02-CM.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=Lawson|first2=Shaun|last3=Juhlin|first3=Oskar|title=Animal-Computer Interaction: The emergence of a discipline|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=129–134|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.10.003|year=2017|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48565/3/IJHCS-SI-ACI-Editorial-ORO.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=North|first=Steve|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|date=June 2016|title=Frameworks for ACI: animals as stakeholders in the design process|journal=Interactions|volume=23|issue=4|pages=34–36|doi=10.1145/2946043|issn=1072-5520}}</ref> Accordingly, many studies seek to adopt 'animal-centred' approaches to design and research.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirskyj-Douglas|first=I.|last2=Read|first2=J.C.|last3=Cassidy|first3=B.|title=A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs' interactions with media on TV screens|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=208–220|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.007|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Westerlaken|first=Michelle|last2=Gualeni|first2=Stefano|date=2014|title=Grounded Zoomorphism: An Evaluation Methodology for ACI Design|journal=Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer Entertainment Conference|series=ACE '14 Workshops|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=5:1–5:6|doi=10.1145/2693787.2693796|isbn=9781450333146}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

MuchA ACIcentral worktheme focusesof onACI technologiesresearch tois supportestablishing communicationhow anduser-centred relationshipsdesign between animalsapproaches and humans.methods Researchersfrom haveHCI investigatedand digitalRE technologiescan forbe dogs,adapted includingto systemsdesign for remoteanimals.<ref communicationname=":0" with dogs left at home,/><ref>{{Cite book|last=MankoffWesterlaken|first=DemiMichelle|last2=DeyGualeni|first2=Anind|last3=Mankoff|first3=Jennifer|last4=Mankoff|first4=KenStefano|date=20052016|title=SupportingBecoming Interspecieswith: SocialTowards Awareness:the UsingInclusion Peripheralof DisplaysAnimals forAs DistributedParticipants Packin Design AwarenessProcesses|journal=Proceedings of the 18thThird AnnualInternational ACM SymposiumConference on User InterfaceAnimal-Computer Software and TechnologyInteraction|series=UISTACI '0516|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=253–2581:1–1:10|doi=10.1145/10950342995257.10950762995392|isbn=978-15959327169781450347587}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Rover@Home: Computer Mediated Remote Interaction Between Humans and Dogs (MSc Thesis)|last=ResnerZamansky|first=Benjamin Ishak|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2001}}</ref> wearable interactive devices for them,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Melody MooreAnna|last2=ZeaglerRoshier|first2=ClintAmanda|last3=ValentinMancini|first3=GiancarloClara|last4=MartinCollins|first4=AlexEmily C.|last5=MartinHall|first5=VincentCarol|last6=DelawallaGrillaert|first6=AdilKatie|last7=BlountMorrison|first7=WendyAnn|last8=EiringNorth|first8=SarahSteve|last9=HollisWirman|first9=RyanHanna|date=20132017|title=FIDOA -Report Facilitatingon Interactionsthe forFirst DogsInternational withWorkshop Occupations:on WearableResearch DogMethods in Animal-activatedComputer InterfacesInteraction|journal=Proceedings of the 20132017 InternationalCHI SymposiumConference Extended Abstracts on WearableHuman ComputersFactors in Computing Systems|series=ISWCCHI EA '1317|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=81–88806–815|doi=10.1145/24939883027063.24943343052759|isbn=97814503212739781450346566|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48586/1/main-11.02-CM.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=ByrneMancini|first=CearaClara|last2=FreilLawson|first2=LarryShaun|last3=StarnerJuhlin|first3=Thad|last4=Jackson|first4=Melody MooreOskar|title=AAnimal-Computer methodInteraction: toThe evaluateemergence hapticof interfacesa for working dogsdiscipline|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=196–207129–134|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.0410.004003|year=2017|doi-accessurl=freehttp://oro.open.ac.uk/48565/3/IJHCS-SI-ACI-Editorial-ORO.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite bookjournal|last=MorrisonNorth|first=AnnSteve|last2=MøllerMancini|first2=Rune Heide|last3=Manresa-Yee|first3=Cristina|last4=Eshraghi|first4=NedaClara|date=June 2016|title=TheFrameworks Impactfor ofACI: Traininganimals Approachesas onstakeholders Experimentalin Setupthe anddesign Design of Wearable Vibrotactiles for Hunting Dogsprocess|journal=Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer InteractionInteractions|seriesvolume=ACI '1623|___locationissue=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM4|pages=4:1–4:1034–36|doi=10.1145/2995257.29953912946043|isbnissn=97814503475871072-5520}}</ref> and interfaces for working dogs.<ref>{{Cite bookjournal|last=ZeaglerZamansky|first=ClintA.|last2=Gillilandvan der Linden|first2=ScottD.|last3=FreilBaskin|first3=Larry|last4=Starner|first4=Thad|last5=Jackson|first5=MelodyS.|date=20142017-09|title=GoingPushing toBoundaries theof DogsRE: Towards an Interactive TouchscreenRequirement InterfaceElicitation for WorkingNon-human DogsUsers|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8049148/|journal=Proceedings2017 ofIEEE the25th 27thInternational AnnualRequirements ACMEngineering SymposiumConference on User Interface Software and Technology|series=UIST '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM(RE)|pages=497–507406–411|doi=10.11451109/2642918RE.2647364|isbn=97814503306952017.30}}</ref> Accordingly, many studies seek to adopt 'animal-centred' approaches to design and research.<ref>{{Cite bookjournal|last=ManciniHirskyj-Douglas|first=ClaraI.|last2=HarrisRead|first2=RobJ.C.|last3=AengenheisterCassidy|first3=Brendan|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|date=2015B.|title=Re-Centering Multispecies Practices: A Caninedog Interfacecentred forapproach Cancerto Detectionthe Dogs|journal=Proceedingsanalysis of thedogs' 33rdinteractions Annualwith ACM Conferencemedia on HumanTV Factors in Computing Systemsscreens|seriesjournal=CHIInternational '15|___location=NewJournal York,of NY,Human-Computer USAStudies|publishervolume=ACM98|pages=2673–2682208–220|doi=10.11451016/2702123j.2702562|isbn=9781450331456|url=http://oroijhcs.open2016.ac05.uk/42640/1/pn2412-mancini.pdf007|year=2017}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=RobinsonWesterlaken|first=Charlotte L.Michelle|last2=ManciniGualeni|first2=Clara|last3=van der Linden|first3=Janet|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|last5=Harris|first5=RobertStefano|date=2014|title=Canine-centeredGrounded Interface DesignZoomorphism: SupportingAn theEvaluation WorkMethodology offor DiabetesACI Alert DogsDesign|journal=Proceedings of the 32Nd2014 Annual ACM ConferenceWorkshops on Human FactorsAdvances in ComputingComputer SystemsEntertainment Conference|series=CHIACE '14 Workshops|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=3757–37665:1–5:6|doi=10.1145/25562882693787.25573962693796|isbn=9781450324731|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf9781450333146}}<!--http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf--></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|lastname=Ruge|first=Luisa|last2=Cox|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Mancini|first3=Clara|last4=Luck|first4=Rachael|date=2018|title=User centered design approaches to measuring canine behavior":1" tail wagging as a measure of user experience|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3295598.3295599|journal=Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction - ACI '18|language=en|___location=Atlanta, Georgia|publisher=ACM Press|pages=1–12|doi=10.1145/3295598.3295599|isbn=9781450362191}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rugevan der Linden|first=LuisaD.|last2=ManciniZamansky|first2=ClaraA.|date=20192017-09|title=AAgile Methodwith forAnimals: EvaluatingTowards Animala UsabilityDevelopment (MEAU)Method|url=httphttps://wwwieeexplore.aciconfieee.org/aci2019|___location=Haifa, Isrel|publisher=ACM Digital Library}}<document/ref> They have also explored technology for interactions with other domestic animals, including cats.<ref>{{Cite book|title=More Playful User Interfaces|last=Pons|first=Patricia|last2=Jaen|first2=Javier|last3=Catala|first3=Alejandro|date=2015|publisher=Springer, Singapore|isbn=9789812875457|series=Gaming Media and Social Effects|pages=121–150|language=en|doi=10.10078054889/978-981-287-546-4_6|hdl = 10251/69598}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Trindade|first=Rui|last2=Sousa|first2=Micaela|last3=Hart|first3=Cristina|last4=Vieira|first4=Nádia|last5=Rodrigues|first5=Roberto|last6=França|first6=João|date=2015|title=Purrfect Crime: Exploring Animal Computer Interaction Through a Digital Game for Humans and Cats|journal=Proceedings2017 ofIEEE the25th 33rdInternational AnnualRequirements ACMEngineering Conference ExtendedWorkshops Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI EA '15|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM(REW)|pages=93–96423–426|doi=10.11451109/2702613REW.2728660|isbn=97814503314632017.11}}</ref>

Much ACI work focuses on technologies to support communication and relationships between animals and humans. Researchers have investigated digital technologies for dogs, including systems for remote communication with dogs left at home,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mankoff|first=Demi|last2=Dey|first2=Anind|last3=Mankoff|first3=Jennifer|last4=Mankoff|first4=Ken|date=2005|title=Supporting Interspecies Social Awareness: Using Peripheral Displays for Distributed Pack Awareness|journal=Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology|series=UIST '05|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=253–258|doi=10.1145/1095034.1095076|isbn=978-1595932716}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Rover@Home: Computer Mediated Remote Interaction Between Humans and Dogs (MSc Thesis)|last=Resner|first=Benjamin Ishak|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2001}}</ref> wearable interactive devices for them,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Melody Moore|last2=Zeagler|first2=Clint|last3=Valentin|first3=Giancarlo|last4=Martin|first4=Alex|last5=Martin|first5=Vincent|last6=Delawalla|first6=Adil|last7=Blount|first7=Wendy|last8=Eiring|first8=Sarah|last9=Hollis|first9=Ryan|date=2013|title=FIDO - Facilitating Interactions for Dogs with Occupations: Wearable Dog-activated Interfaces|journal=Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Wearable Computers|series=ISWC '13|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=81–88|doi=10.1145/2493988.2494334|isbn=9781450321273}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Byrne|first=Ceara|last2=Freil|first2=Larry|last3=Starner|first3=Thad|last4=Jackson|first4=Melody Moore|title=A method to evaluate haptic interfaces for working dogs|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=196–207|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.004|year=2017|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Morrison|first=Ann|last2=Møller|first2=Rune Heide|last3=Manresa-Yee|first3=Cristina|last4=Eshraghi|first4=Neda|date=2016|title=The Impact of Training Approaches on Experimental Setup and Design of Wearable Vibrotactiles for Hunting Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI '16|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=4:1–4:10|doi=10.1145/2995257.2995391|isbn=9781450347587}}</ref> and interfaces for working dogs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zeagler|first=Clint|last2=Gilliland|first2=Scott|last3=Freil|first3=Larry|last4=Starner|first4=Thad|last5=Jackson|first5=Melody|date=2014|title=Going to the Dogs: Towards an Interactive Touchscreen Interface for Working Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology|series=UIST '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=497–507|doi=10.1145/2642918.2647364|isbn=9781450330695}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=Harris|first2=Rob|last3=Aengenheister|first3=Brendan|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|date=2015|title=Re-Centering Multispecies Practices: A Canine Interface for Cancer Detection Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '15|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=2673–2682|doi=10.1145/2702123.2702562|isbn=9781450331456|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/42640/1/pn2412-mancini.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Charlotte L.|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|last3=van der Linden|first3=Janet|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|last5=Harris|first5=Robert|date=2014|title=Canine-centered Interface Design: Supporting the Work of Diabetes Alert Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=3757–3766|doi=10.1145/2556288.2557396|isbn=9781450324731|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf}}<!--http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf--></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruge|first=Luisa|last2=Cox|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Mancini|first3=Clara|last4=Luck|first4=Rachael|date=2018|title=User centered design approaches to measuring canine behavior: tail wagging as a measure of user experience|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3295598.3295599|journal=Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction - ACI '18|language=en|___location=Atlanta, Georgia|publisher=ACM Press|pages=1–12|doi=10.1145/3295598.3295599|isbn=9781450362191}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruge|first=Luisa|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|date=2019|title=A Method for Evaluating Animal Usability (MEAU)|url=http://www.aciconf.org/aci2019|___location=Haifa, Isrel|publisher=ACM Digital Library}}</ref> They have also explored technology for interactions with other domestic animals, including cats.<ref>{{Cite book|title=More Playful User Interfaces|last=Pons|first=Patricia|last2=Jaen|first2=Javier|last3=Catala|first3=Alejandro|date=2015|publisher=Springer, Singapore|isbn=9789812875457|series=Gaming Media and Social Effects|pages=121–150|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_6|hdl = 10251/69598}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Trindade|first=Rui|last2=Sousa|first2=Micaela|last3=Hart|first3=Cristina|last4=Vieira|first4=Nádia|last5=Rodrigues|first5=Roberto|last6=França|first6=João|date=2015|title=Purrfect Crime: Exploring Animal Computer Interaction Through a Digital Game for Humans and Cats|journal=Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI EA '15|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=93–96|doi=10.1145/2702613.2728660|isbn=9781450331463}}</ref> An increasing focus in the ACI community is investigating the wider context of these technologies and the impact they have beyond the individual animals that use them, from security and privacy considerations of pet wearables,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Linden|first=D.|last2=Zamansky|first2=A.|last3=Hadar|first3=I.|last4=Craggs|first4=B.|last5=Rashid|first5=A.|date=2019-05|title=Buddy's Wearable Is Not Your Buddy: Privacy Implications of Pet Wearables|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8713279/|journal=IEEE Security Privacy|volume=17|issue=3|pages=28–39|doi=10.1109/MSEC.2018.2888783|issn=1558-4046}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Linden|first=Dirk|last2=Williams|first2=Emma|last3=Hadar|first3=Irit|last4=Zamansky|first4=Anna|date=2019-11-12|title=Some might freak out: What if your dog's activity tracker were to have a data breach?|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371057|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–12|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371057|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref> the effect they may have on humans living with these animals<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zamansky|first=A.|last2=van der Linden|first2=D.|last3=Hadar|first3=I.|last4=Bleuer-Elsner|first4=S.|date=2019-09|title=Log My Dog: Perceived Impact of Dog Activity Tracking|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8812161/|journal=Computer|volume=52|issue=9|pages=35–43|doi=10.1109/MC.2018.2889637|issn=1558-0814}}</ref>, the context they are deployed in<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kresnye|first=K. Cassie|last2=Theisz|first2=Alec Andrew|last3=Trester|first3=Lauren|last4=Shih|first4=Patrick C.|date=2019-11-12|title=Barks &amp; Rec: A Dog Park Socio-Technical System|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371064|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–6|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371064|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kresnye|first=K. Cassie|last2=Phelps|first2=Annie M.|last3=Shih|first3=Patrick C.|date=2019-11-12|title=Towards Rehabilitation Smart Habitats: Designing for North American Opossum Joeys|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371058|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–6|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371058|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref>, to supporting veterinary science<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bleuer-Elsner|first=Stephane|last2=Zamansky|first2=Anna|last3=Fux|first3=Asaf|last4=Kaplun|first4=Dmitry|last5=Romanov|first5=Sergey|last6=Sinitca|first6=Aleksandr|last7=Masson|first7=Sylvia|last8=van der Linden|first8=Dirk|date=2019/12|title=Computational Analysis of Movement Patterns of Dogs with ADHD-Like Behavior|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/12/1140|journal=Animals|language=en|volume=9|issue=12|pages=1140|doi=10.3390/ani9121140|pmc=PMC6941159|pmid=31847213}}</ref> and animal behavior research<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karl|first=Sabrina|last2=Boch|first2=Magdalena|last3=Zamansky|first3=Anna|last4=van der Linden|first4=Dirk|last5=Wagner|first5=Isabella C.|last6=Völter|first6=Christoph J.|last7=Lamm|first7=Claus|last8=Huber|first8=Ludwig|date=2020-12-17|title=Exploring the dog–human relationship by combining fMRI, eye-tracking and behavioural measures|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79247-5|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=22273|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79247-5|issn=2045-2322}}</ref>

== References ==

== References ==<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

[http://www.aciconf.org/home International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction]

[https://dl.acm.org/conference/aci/proceedings ACM Digital Library Proceedings of the ACI Conference]

[https://www.animalcomputing.com/ International Summer School on Animal-Centered Computing]

[[Category:Subfields of computer science]]

[[Category:Animal intelligence]]