Animal–computer interaction: Difference between revisions

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In an ''ACI Manifesto'' (2011), Mancini defines one aim of ACI as understanding "the interaction between animals and computing technology within the contexts in which animals habitually live, are active, and socialise with members of the same or other species, including humans".<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|date=July 2011|title=Animal-computer Interaction: A Manifesto|journal=Interactions|volume=18|issue=4|pages=69–73|doi=10.1145/1978822.1978836|issn=1072-5520|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/28857/1/ACI-Manifesto-OpenResearchOnline.pdf}}</ref> She additionally proposes three core design goals for the field: enhancing animals' quality of life and wellbeing; supporting animals in the functions assigned to them by humans; and supporting human-animal relationships. Accordingly, some ACI research has given considerable attention to questions of animal ethics,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|title=Towards an animal-centred ethics for Animal–Computer Interaction|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=221–233|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.008|year=2017|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/46164/1/Mancini_1-s2.0-S1071581916300180-main.pdf}}</ref> welfare,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=van der Linden|first2=Janet|last3=Kortuem|first3=Gerd|last4=Dewsbury|first4=Guy|last5=Mills|first5=Daniel|last6=Boyden|first6=Paula|date=2014|title=UbiComp for Animal Welfare: Envisioning Smart Environments for Kenneled Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing|series=UbiComp '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=117–128|doi=10.1145/2632048.2632073|isbn=9781450329682|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/41242/1/ubicomp%202014%20p117-mancini%20animal%20welfare%20in%20kennels.pdf}}</ref> consent and power.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/july-august-2016/power-participation-and-the-dog-internet|title=Power, Participation, and the Dog Internet|last=Lawson|first=Shaun|date=August 2016|work=Interactions|access-date=23 Nov 2017|last2=Kirman|first2=Ben|pages=37|last3=Linehan|first3=Conor}}</ref>

A central theme of ACI research is establishing how user-centred design approaches and methods from HCI and RE can be adapted to design for animals.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Westerlaken|first=Michelle|last2=Gualeni|first2=Stefano|date=2016|title=Becoming with: Towards the Inclusion of Animals As Participants in Design Processes|journal=Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI '16|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=1:1–1:10|doi=10.1145/2995257.2995392|isbn=9781450347587}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Zamansky|first=Anna|last2=Roshier|first2=Amanda|last3=Mancini|first3=Clara|last4=Collins|first4=Emily C.|last5=Hall|first5=Carol|last6=Grillaert|first6=Katie|last7=Morrison|first7=Ann|last8=North|first8=Steve|last9=Wirman|first9=Hanna|date=2017|title=A Report on the First International Workshop on Research Methods in Animal-Computer Interaction|journal=Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI EA '17|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=806–815|doi=10.1145/3027063.3052759|isbn=9781450346566|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48586/1/main-11.02-CM.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=Lawson|first2=Shaun|last3=Juhlin|first3=Oskar|title=Animal-Computer Interaction: The emergence of a discipline|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=129–134|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.10.003|year=2017|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/48565/3/IJHCS-SI-ACI-Editorial-ORO.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=North|first=Steve|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|date=June 2016|title=Frameworks for ACI: animals as stakeholders in the design process|journal=Interactions|volume=23|issue=4|pages=34–36|doi=10.1145/2946043|issn=1072-5520}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zamansky|first=A.|last2=van der Linden|first2=D.|last3=Baskin|first3=S.| date = September 2017-09 |title=Pushing Boundaries of RE: Requirement Elicitation for Non-human Users|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8049148/|journal=2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE)|pages=406–411|doi=10.1109/RE.2017.30}}</ref> Accordingly, many studies seek to adopt 'animal-centred' approaches to design and research.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirskyj-Douglas|first=I.|last2=Read|first2=J.C.|last3=Cassidy|first3=B.|title=A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs' interactions with media on TV screens|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=208–220|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.007|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Westerlaken|first=Michelle|last2=Gualeni|first2=Stefano|date=2014|title=Grounded Zoomorphism: An Evaluation Methodology for ACI Design|journal=Proceedings of the 2014 Workshops on Advances in Computer Entertainment Conference|series=ACE '14 Workshops|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=5:1–5:6|doi=10.1145/2693787.2693796|isbn=9781450333146}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Linden|first=D.|last2=Zamansky|first2=A.| date = September 2017-09 |title=Agile with Animals: Towards a Development Method|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8054889/|journal=2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW)|pages=423–426|doi=10.1109/REW.2017.11}}</ref>

Much ACI work focuses on technologies to support communication and relationships between animals and humans. Researchers have investigated digital technologies for dogs, including systems for remote communication with dogs left at home,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mankoff|first=Demi|last2=Dey|first2=Anind|last3=Mankoff|first3=Jennifer|last4=Mankoff|first4=Ken|date=2005|title=Supporting Interspecies Social Awareness: Using Peripheral Displays for Distributed Pack Awareness|journal=Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology|series=UIST '05|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=253–258|doi=10.1145/1095034.1095076|isbn=978-1595932716}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Rover@Home: Computer Mediated Remote Interaction Between Humans and Dogs (MSc Thesis)|last=Resner|first=Benjamin Ishak|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2001}}</ref> wearable interactive devices for them,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Melody Moore|last2=Zeagler|first2=Clint|last3=Valentin|first3=Giancarlo|last4=Martin|first4=Alex|last5=Martin|first5=Vincent|last6=Delawalla|first6=Adil|last7=Blount|first7=Wendy|last8=Eiring|first8=Sarah|last9=Hollis|first9=Ryan|date=2013|title=FIDO - Facilitating Interactions for Dogs with Occupations: Wearable Dog-activated Interfaces|journal=Proceedings of the 2013 International Symposium on Wearable Computers|series=ISWC '13|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=81–88|doi=10.1145/2493988.2494334|isbn=9781450321273}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Byrne|first=Ceara|last2=Freil|first2=Larry|last3=Starner|first3=Thad|last4=Jackson|first4=Melody Moore|title=A method to evaluate haptic interfaces for working dogs|journal=International Journal of Human-Computer Studies|volume=98|pages=196–207|doi=10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.04.004|year=2017|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Morrison|first=Ann|last2=Møller|first2=Rune Heide|last3=Manresa-Yee|first3=Cristina|last4=Eshraghi|first4=Neda|date=2016|title=The Impact of Training Approaches on Experimental Setup and Design of Wearable Vibrotactiles for Hunting Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI '16|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=4:1–4:10|doi=10.1145/2995257.2995391|isbn=9781450347587}}</ref> and interfaces for working dogs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zeagler|first=Clint|last2=Gilliland|first2=Scott|last3=Freil|first3=Larry|last4=Starner|first4=Thad|last5=Jackson|first5=Melody|date=2014|title=Going to the Dogs: Towards an Interactive Touchscreen Interface for Working Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology|series=UIST '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=497–507|doi=10.1145/2642918.2647364|isbn=9781450330695}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mancini|first=Clara|last2=Harris|first2=Rob|last3=Aengenheister|first3=Brendan|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|date=2015|title=Re-Centering Multispecies Practices: A Canine Interface for Cancer Detection Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '15|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=2673–2682|doi=10.1145/2702123.2702562|isbn=9781450331456|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/42640/1/pn2412-mancini.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Charlotte L.|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|last3=van der Linden|first3=Janet|last4=Guest|first4=Claire|last5=Harris|first5=Robert|date=2014|title=Canine-centered Interface Design: Supporting the Work of Diabetes Alert Dogs|journal=Proceedings of the 32Nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '14|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=3757–3766|doi=10.1145/2556288.2557396|isbn=9781450324731|url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf}}<!--http://oro.open.ac.uk/39352/1/paper2368.pdf--></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruge|first=Luisa|last2=Cox|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Mancini|first3=Clara|last4=Luck|first4=Rachael|date=2018|title=User centered design approaches to measuring canine behavior: tail wagging as a measure of user experience|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3295598.3295599|journal=Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction - ACI '18|language=en|___location=Atlanta, Georgia|publisher=ACM Press|pages=1–12|doi=10.1145/3295598.3295599|isbn=9781450362191}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ruge|first=Luisa|last2=Mancini|first2=Clara|date=2019|title=A Method for Evaluating Animal Usability (MEAU)|url=http://www.aciconf.org/aci2019|___location=Haifa, Isrel|publisher=ACM Digital Library}}</ref> They have also explored technology for interactions with other domestic animals, including cats.<ref>{{Cite book|title=More Playful User Interfaces|last=Pons|first=Patricia|last2=Jaen|first2=Javier|last3=Catala|first3=Alejandro|date=2015|publisher=Springer, Singapore|isbn=9789812875457|series=Gaming Media and Social Effects|pages=121–150|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-287-546-4_6|hdl = 10251/69598}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Trindade|first=Rui|last2=Sousa|first2=Micaela|last3=Hart|first3=Cristina|last4=Vieira|first4=Nádia|last5=Rodrigues|first5=Roberto|last6=França|first6=João|date=2015|title=Purrfect Crime: Exploring Animal Computer Interaction Through a Digital Game for Humans and Cats|journal=Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI EA '15|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=93–96|doi=10.1145/2702613.2728660|isbn=9781450331463}}</ref> An increasing focus in the ACI community is investigating the wider context of these technologies and the impact they have beyond the individual animals that use them, from security and privacy considerations of pet wearables,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Linden|first=D.|last2=Zamansky|first2=A.|last3=Hadar|first3=I.|last4=Craggs|first4=B.|last5=Rashid|first5=A.|date= May 2019-05 |title=Buddy's Wearable Is Not Your Buddy: Privacy Implications of Pet Wearables|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8713279/|journal=IEEE Security Privacy|volume=17|issue=3|pages=28–39|doi=10.1109/MSEC.2018.2888783|issn=1558-4046}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=van der Linden|first=Dirk|last2=Williams|first2=Emma|last3=Hadar|first3=Irit|last4=Zamansky|first4=Anna|date=2019-11-12|title=Some might freak out: What if your dog's activity tracker were to have a data breach?|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371057|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–12|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371057|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref> the effect they may have on humans living with these animals<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zamansky|first=A.|last2=van der Linden|first2=D.|last3=Hadar|first3=I.|last4=Bleuer-Elsner|first4=S.|date= September 2019-09 |title=Log My Dog: Perceived Impact of Dog Activity Tracking|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8812161/|journal=Computer|volume=52|issue=9|pages=35–43|doi=10.1109/MC.2018.2889637|issn=1558-0814}}</ref>, the context they are deployed in<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kresnye|first=K. Cassie|last2=Theisz|first2=Alec Andrew|last3=Trester|first3=Lauren|last4=Shih|first4=Patrick C.|date=2019-11-12|title=Barks &amp; Rec: A Dog Park Socio-Technical System|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371064|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–6|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371064|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kresnye|first=K. Cassie|last2=Phelps|first2=Annie M.|last3=Shih|first3=Patrick C.|date=2019-11-12|title=Towards Rehabilitation Smart Habitats: Designing for North American Opossum Joeys|url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371058|journal=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction|series=ACI'19|___location=Haifa, Israel|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|pages=1–6|doi=10.1145/3371049.3371058|isbn=978-1-4503-7693-8}}</ref>, to supporting veterinary science<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bleuer-Elsner|first=Stephane|last2=Zamansky|first2=Anna|last3=Fux|first3=Asaf|last4=Kaplun|first4=Dmitry|last5=Romanov|first5=Sergey|last6=Sinitca|first6=Aleksandr|last7=Masson|first7=Sylvia|last8=van der Linden|first8=Dirk|date= December 2019/12 |title=Computational Analysis of Movement Patterns of Dogs with ADHD-Like Behavior|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/12/1140|journal=Animals|language=en|volume=9|issue=12|pages=1140|doi=10.3390/ani9121140|pmc=PMC6941159|pmid=31847213}}</ref> and animal behavior research<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karl|first=Sabrina|last2=Boch|first2=Magdalena|last3=Zamansky|first3=Anna|last4=van der Linden|first4=Dirk|last5=Wagner|first5=Isabella C.|last6=Völter|first6=Christoph J.|last7=Lamm|first7=Claus|last8=Huber|first8=Ludwig|date=2020-12-17|title=Exploring the dog–human relationship by combining fMRI, eye-tracking and behavioural measures|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79247-5|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=22273|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-79247-5|issn=2045-2322}}</ref>

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