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AIS originated with the [[T-carrier]] system, and became a standard feature of subsequent [[plesiochronous]] and [[synchronous]] circuit-based communication systems, and is also part of the [[asynchronous transfer mode|ATM]] standards.
As the use of [[Ethernet]] for long-distance data links has increased, the need for a similar end-to-end [[operations and management|OAM]] function has led to the development of a similar [[Ethernet alarm indication signal]] ([[EthAIS]]).
'''Automatic Independent Surveillance - Privacy''' ('''AIS-P''') is a signal transmitted by an aircraft transponder system (ATCRBS, Mode S, TCAS, ADS-B, TailLight) in accordance with the internationally standardized Mode S data packet protocol. It is an alternative to ADS-B which transmits position and velocity, but does not transmit identity and cannot be used for automatic targeting, and does not suffer from the capacity reduction.
There are only two types of this signal, which differ significantly in deficiencies.
* ADS-B Dependent, identity, low capacity, targeting
* AIS-P Independent, no identity, high capacity, no targeting
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