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Line 4: <!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --> In [[fluid mechanics]], '''external flow''' is a flow that [[boundary layer]]s develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces.<ref name="AIP"/><ref name="dynamics"/> It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it. Examples include fluid motion over a flat plate (inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity) and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, [[airfoil]], or [[turbine blade]], water flowing around submarines, and air flowing around a truck;<ref name="truck"/> a 2000 paper analyzing the latter used [[computational ~~flow~~fluid dynamics]] to model the three-dimensional flow structure and pressure distribution on the external surface of the truck.<ref name="truck"/> In a 2008 paper, external flow was said to be "arguably is the most common and best studied case in [[soft matter systems]].<ref name="stochastic"/> The term can also be used simply to describe flow in any body of fluid external to the system under consideration.<ref name="external"/><ref name="asme"/>

External flow: Difference between revisions