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# ''Crop and livestock production will be increasingly challenged.'' Many crops show positive responses to elevated responses to carbon dioxide. However, increased heat, pests, water stress, diseases, and weather extremes will pose adaptation challenges for crop and livestock production.
# [[Climate Change Science Program#Coastal sensitivity to sea level rise (SAP 4.1)|''Coastal areas are at increasing risk from sea-level rise and storm surge'']]. Sea-level rise and storm surge place many U.S. coastal areas at increasing risk of erosion and flooding, especially along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, Pacific Islands, and parts of Alaska. Energy and transportation infrastructure and other property in coastal areas are very likely to be adversely affected.
# [[Climate Change Science Program#Effects on Human Health and Welfare and Human Systems (SAP 4.6)|''Risks to human health will increase.'']] [[Health impacts of climate change]] are related to heat stress, waterborne diseases, poor air quality, extreme weather events, and diseases transmitted by insects and rodents. Robust public health infrastructure can reduce the potential for negative impacts.
# ''Climate change will interact with many social and environmental stresses''. Climate change will combine with pollution, population growth, overuse of resources, urbanization, and other social, economic, and environmental stresses to create larger impacts than from any of these factors alone.
# ''Thresholds will be crossed, leading to large changes in climate and ecosystems.'' There are a variety of thresholds in the climate system and ecosystems. These thresholds determine, for example, the presence of sea ice and permafrost, and the survival of species, from fish to insect pests, with implications for society. With further climate change, the crossing of additional thresholds is expected.
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