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{| class="wikitable infobox" style="margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; width: 22em;"
{{Bio
|-
|Nome = Charles
|+ '''TKS spacecraft'''
|Cognome = Baudouin
|-
|Sesso = M
! colspan="3" | [[File:TKS spacecraft drawing.png|285px|Soviet TKS crew delivery/cargo ship]]
|LuogoNascita = Nancy
|-
|GiornoMeseNascita = 26 luglio
! colspan="3" | Description
|AnnoNascita = 1893
|-
|LuogoMorte = Plan-les-Ouates
| '''Role:'''
|GiornoMeseMorte = 25 agosto
| colspan="2" | Manned [[spacecraft]] to supply the military [[Almaz]] space station
|AnnoMorte = 1963
|-
|Attività = psicoanalista
| '''Crew: '''
|Nazionalità = francese
| colspan="2" | three
|NazionalitàNaturalizzato = svizzero
|-
|Immagine =
! colspan="3" | Dimensions
|Didascalia =
|-
}}
| '''Height:'''
| 13.2 m
| 43.31 ft
|-
| '''Diameter:'''
| 4.15 m
| 13.61 ft
|-
| '''Volume:'''
|
| 45.00 m<sup>3</sup>
|-
! colspan="3" | Rocket engines
|-
| '''Main Engine''' (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UDMH):
| 7840 N
| 1763&nbsp;lbf ea
|-
! colspan="3" | Performance
|-
| ''' Endurance:'''
| 7 days
|
|-
| ''' Apogee:'''
| 266&nbsp;km
|
|-
| ''' Perigee:'''
| 223&nbsp;km
|
|-
| ''' Inclination:'''
| 52 degrees
|
|-
| ''' Spacecraft delta&nbsp;v:'''
| 700&nbsp;m/s
| 2290&nbsp;ft/s
|-
! colspan="3" | ''' Cutaway of TKS vehicle'''
|-
! colspan="3" | [[File:TKS cutaway.png|260px|Cutaway of TKS vehicle. Details are conjectural. The broad black line outlines the vehicle’s pressurized compartments. A tunnel (stippled) connects the FGB and VA spacecraft]]
|}
 
'''TKS''' ({{lang-ru| Транспортный корабль снабжения}}, {{lang|ru-Latn|Transportnyi Korabl’ Snabzheniia}}, ''Navetta per trasporto di rifornimenti'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Space Race – SPIES IN SPACE|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/gal114/SpaceRace/sec400/sec442.htm|publisher=Smithsonian – National Air and Space Museum|accessdate=1 September 2012}}</ref> [[GRAU index]] '''11F72''')
Nel suo lavoro compì una sintesi tra la [[psicoanalisi]] [[Sigmund Freud|freudiana]] ed elementi del pensiero di [[Carl Gustav Jung]] e [[Alfred Adler]].<ref>M. Cifali, ''Charles Baudouin'', in ''International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'', Gale Group, Inc.</ref>
era un [[veicolo spaziale]] [[Unione Sovietica|sovietico]] concepito alla fine degli anni sessanta per rifornire la stazione spaziale militare Almaz.
 
Il veicolo era stato progettato sia per voli con equipaggio, sia per voli automatizzati di rifornimento in configurazione cargo. Durante il programma vennero lanciati solo quattro veicoli di test, tre dei quali si agganciarono alla stazione spaziale Salyut, ma il programma non raggiunse mai l'operatività.<ref>
==Biografia==
La tecnologia del modulo TKS-FGB (''Functional Cargo Block'') fu successivamente alla base di altri moduli di stazioni spaziali, tra cui il modulo [[Zarya]] della [[Stazione spaziale internazionale]].</ref>
Nato a Nancy, in Francia, dopo aver studiato letteratura proseguì con il corso di filosofia alla Sorbona, dove si interessò alle personalità di [[Pierre Janet]] e [[Henri Bergson]]. Laureatosi in filosofia, nel 1913 si occupò dei lavori di [[Émile Coué]] contribuendo a farlo diventare famoso.
 
La navetta era costituita da due veicoli spaziali collegati tra loro, che entrambi potevano operare indipendentemente:
Nel 1915, fu invitato da [[Pierre Bovet]] e [[Édouard Claparède]] ad unirsi a loro e entrò all'Istituto Jean-Jacques Rousseau, che sarebbe diventata la Facoltà di Psicologia dell'Università di Ginevra, dove avrebbe avuto il titolo di professore. Il trasferimento in Svizzera gli consentì anche di avvicinarsi a [[Romain Rolland]].
* la navicella '''VA''' (identificato in occidente come ''navicella Merkur''), destinato ad accogliere i cosmonauti durante il lancio e il rientro della navicella, contenente i sistemi vitali e i motori di manovra per il rientro; e
* il modulo '''FGB''' (''Functional Cargo Block''), contenente i motori per le manovre orbitali dell'intero veicolo, i serbatoi e un grande compartimento pressurizzato destinato ai rifornimenti alla stazione spaziale Almaz.
 
Il modulo FGB era stato concepito per essere utilizzabile anche da solo come modulo cargo, mentre
Baudouin compì le sue prime analisi con il dottor [[Carl Picht]], uno junghiano. Dopo aver incontrato [[Sigmund Freud]] a Vienna in 1926, proseguì dal 1926 al 1928 una seconda analisi "didattica" con il dottor [[Charles Odier]], che all'epoca era un freudiano.
la navicella VA poteva essere lanciata in configurazione ''Almaz APOS'', connessa al modulo principale Almaz-OPS della stazione spaziale che forniva le funzioni di sistema di manovra orbitale primario.
Alcuni anni più tardi, ebbe un'esperienza analitica con [[Tina Keller]].
 
== Progetto ==
Non tralasciò di studiare i fondamenti storici della psicoanalisi, in particolare la suggestione e l'ipnosi.
[[File:TKSmodel1.jpg|thumb|Modello del veicolo spaziale TKS.
On the left is the cylindrical [[Functional Cargo Block]] with attached solar panels. In the middle is the [[VA spacecraft]], with the conical VA return capsule for the crew and the VA's orbital maneuvering engines in the long nose section. Standing right front is the [[launch escape system]], which would have been attached to the top of the VA's nose section during launch and jettisoned after a successful launch.]]
The TKS spacecraft was designed by [[Vladimir Chelomei]] (the VA capsule) and V. N. Bugayskiy (the FGB block)<ref name=JBIS>{{cite journal | last = Siddiqi | first = Asif A. | date = November–December 2001 | title = The Almaz Space Station Complex: A History, 1964-1992, part one | url = http://faculty.fordham.edu/siddiqi/writings/p18a_siddiqi_jbis_almaz_2001.pdf | journal = Journal of the British Interplanetary Society | publisher = | volume = 54 | issue = 11/12 2001 | pages = 399 | bibcode = | doi = | access-date= 8 October 2015}}</ref> as a manned [[spacecraft]] launched with [[Proton rocket]] alternative to the [[Soyuz spacecraft|Soyuz]] spacecraft for use with ''Almaz'' space stations. Development began in 1965; the ''Almaz programme'' had been abandoned by the time the first TKS spacecraft flew in 1977.
The [[VA spacecraft]] (''"Vozvrashaemiy Apparat"'') was flown separately on four test missions with two craft per launch to test the design, as well as one "all-up" test mission and three resupply missions.<ref name=SFN>{{cite web|url=http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Almprog/tksalm.htm|title=The TKS ferry for the Almaz Space Station|author=Sven Grahn|publisher=Space History Notes}}</ref>
 
The project had further evolved with space station ''"Modulny"'' (''"Modular"'') based on the TKS design outline, reworked to dock with '''[[Salyut 7]]''', '''[[Mir]]''' and '''[[ISS]]''' space stations. This development was designated '''FGB''', or '''[[Functional Cargo Block]]'''.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}}
Questa esperienza e tutte le pratiche terapeutiche, inclusa la terapia sui bambini e l'educazione, lo portarono a rielaborare le sue teorie conciliando i contributi sia di Freud che di Jung. Ebbe ad affermare: {{citazione|La contrapposizione tra Freud o Jung deve essere superata, dobbiamo essere a favore della psicoanalisi. Sarebbe come chiedersi: sei a favore di Newton o di Einstein? E c'è solo una risposta: sono a favore della fisica.}}
Pubblicò i suoi contributi alla struttura psicoanalitiche nel libro "De l'instinct à l'esprit."
 
The TKS spacecraft consisted of an 11F74 "Vozvraschaemyi Apparat" (or ''Return Vehicle'' commonly referred to as the '''''VA'''''), attached to an 11F77 "Transportniy Korabl Snabzheniya" (''Functional/Cargo Block'' module or '''''FGB''''').
Nel 1924 fondò a Ginevra l'"Istituto Internazionale di Psicagogia e Psicoterapia" - coniando il termine "psicagogia" - con il patrocinio di Adler, Allendy, Bachelard, Coue, Flournoy, Freud, Hesnard, Janet, Jung, Laforgue, Maeder e Meng; i primi direttori furono lo stesso Baudouin, Bovet e Claparède. In seguito l'istituto ha cambiato denominazione in "Istituto Internazionale di Psicoanalisi e Psicoterapia Charles Baudouin" e attualmente ha sedi in Svizzera, Francia, Belgio e Italia.
 
=== TKS VA ===
Pubblicò il giornale pacifista ''Le Carmel'' - al quale contribuì con vari articoli tra il 1933 e 1935 - e, nel 1917, la rivista mensile ''Les Cahiers du Carmel''. Quando questi giornali cessarono le publicazioni, Baudouin li sostituì con il ''Bulletin trimestriel de l’Institut international de psychagogie'', che divenne nel 1931 la rivista ''Action et Pensée'', che attualmente pubblica due numeri all'anno.
{{main|VA spacecraft}}
The TKS VA spacecraft was itself a very compact and efficient spacecraft. Typically it would reenter the atmosphere within 2 orbits, but could fly autonomously for up to 31 hours. The pressurized crew re-entry capsule was equipped with its own environmental control system, and topped with reaction control system, de-orbit braking engine, parachute system, and soft landing engines. Although extensively flight tested, it never flew with a crew on board.
 
The VA design was derived from the planned capsule for the Chelomei's [[LK-1]] manned circumlunar spacecraft of the 1960s. It was also the basis for Chelomei's [[LK-700]] Lunar Lander crew capsule. The VA looked somewhat similar to the [[Apollo Command/Service Module|Apollo capsule]], but was 30% smaller than its NASA counterpart.
Morì a Saconnex-d'Arve, una frazione di Plan-les-Ouates, città del [[Canton Ginevra]].
 
=== TKS FGB ===
== Concetti teoretici dei fondatori ==
{{main|Functional Cargo Block}}
The '''FGB''' was entered from the '''VA''' spacecraft via a short tunnel. At the aft end a pilot station was equipped with controls and windows for manual docking with the '''[[Almaz]]''' space station. The docking port was also located here. Operational '''TKS''' spacecraft would have delivered '''[[KSI (spacecraft)|KSI]] film return capsules''' to '''Almaz''' stations. These would have been stored around the docking port for transfer to the film capsule airlock for loading.
 
== Details ==
Baudouin sostiene la propria metodologia su tre livelli (la "Psicagogia"), in dipendenza dai gradi di contribuzione dell'inconscio.
[[File:Kosmos 1443 return capsule.JPG|thumb|[[VA capsule|TKS VA return capsule]] of [[Kosmos 1443]]]]
Usa separatamente tre tipologie di metodi, sequenzialmente o separatamente a seconda dei casi.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Specifications
|-
! scope="row" | Crew size:
| 3
|-
! scope="row" | Design life:
| 7 days
|-
! scope="row" | Orbital storage:
| 200 days
|-
! scope="row" | Typical orbit:
| 223&nbsp;km × 266&nbsp;km at 52° inclination
|-
! scope="row" | Length:
| 13.2&nbsp;m (43.31&nbsp;ft)
|-
! scope="row" | Maximal diameter:
| 4.15&nbsp;m (13.61&nbsp;ft)
|-
! scope="row" | Span:
| 17.00&nbsp;m (55.00&nbsp;ft)
|-
! scope="row" | Habitable volume:
| 45.00 m<sup>3</sup>
|-
! scope="row" | Mass:
| 17,510&nbsp;kg (38,600&nbsp;lb)
|-
! scope="row" | Payload:
| 12,600&nbsp;kg (27,700&nbsp;lb)
|-
! scope="row" | Main-engine thrust:
| 7.840&nbsp;kN (1,763&nbsp;lbf)
|-
! scope="row" | Main-engine propellants:
| N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UDMH <br/> 3,822&nbsp;kg (8,426&nbsp;lb)
|-
! scope="row" | Main-engine ''I''<sub>sp</sub>:
| 291&nbsp;[[second|s]]
|-
! scope="row" | Spacecraft Δ''v'':
| 700&nbsp;m/s (2,290&nbsp;ft/s)
|-
! scope="row" | Electrical system:
| [[Photovoltaic module|Solar panels]] (17 m span, 40 m²)
|-
! scope="row" | Electric system:
| 2.40&nbsp;kW average
|-
! scope="row" | Associated launch vehicle:
| [[Proton (rocket)|Proton 8K82K]]
|}
 
== Missions ==
=== Dal conscio al conscio: "I metodi educazionali"<ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La Force en nous | 1923, 1950 | Éditions de la Société lorraine de Psychologie Appliqué – Éditions du Carmel | Nancy-Genève}}</ref><ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Mobilisation de l’énergie. Éléments de psychagogie théorique et pratique | 1931 | Pelman | Paris }} </ref> ===
* Lavoro sul pensiero, sulla volontà e sull'azione;
* Metodi simili alla psicoterapia del supporto e cognitivo-comportamentali.
 
===VA spacecraft test flights===
=== Dal conscio all'inconscio: "I metodi suggestivi"<ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Suggestion and autosuggestion : a psychological and pedagogical study based upon the investigations made by the new Nancy school. | 1920 }} </ref><ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Psychologie de la suggestion et autosuggestion | 1924 | Delachaux &amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}</ref><ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Qu’est-ce que la suggestion ? | 1924 | Delachaux &amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}} </ref> ===
{{main|VA spacecraft#Test flights}}
* Effetto della suggestione spontanea o indotti dal processo ipnotico.
Four flights with eight VA spacecraft without an FGB module were conducted to speed up the development of the TKS spacecraft:<ref name=SFN />
* Orbital test of a pair of two VA spacecraft [[Kosmos 881]] and [[Kosmos 882]] in 1976-12-15 that started jointly and reentered on the same day.
* VA #009L/P and VA #009P/P: Launched on 1977-08-04. Launch vehicle failure forty seconds into the flight on a suborbital test of two VA spacecraft. VA #009L/P is destroyed in the resulting booster explosion, VA #009P/P is rescued by the Proton SAS abort system and is recovered safely.
* On 1978-03-30 pair of two VA spacecraft [[Kosmos 997]] and [[Kosmos 998]] started jointly and reentered separately
* On 1979-05-23 pair of two VA spacecraft [[Kosmos 1100]] and [[Kosmos 1101]] that started jointly and reentered separately
 
==={{anchor|Kosmos 929}} TKS-1 (Kosmos 929) ===
===Dall'inconscio all'inconscio: "I metodi psicoanalitici"<ref>{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’Âme enfantine et la psychanalyse | 1931 | Delachaux &amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris }}. Deuxième édition augmentée 1951, 1964.</ref><ref name="brouwer">{{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | De l’instinct à l’esprit | 1950 | Desclée de Brouwer | Paris}}</ref> ===
{{hatnote|"Kosmos 929" redirects here.}}
Baudouin ha basato la sua sintesi psicoanalitica principalmente sui concetti base delle dottrine freudiane, jungiane e adleriane, aggiungendo la propria che ne chiarisce le vibranti e dinamiche complementarietà.
Kosmos 929 was the first flight of a "complete" TKS spacecraft (VA spacecraft with FGB), launched on 17 July 1977<ref name=SFN /> – it was a "solo" test flight and was not destined for a Salyut space station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1977-066A |title=Kosmos 929 - NSSDC ID: 1977-066A |publisher=NASA NSSDC}}</ref> The VA capsule returned to Earth 16 August 1977. The remainder of the spacecraft – the FGB – deorbited on 2 February 1978.<ref name=cords-largest>{{cite web |url=http://www.reentrynews.com/largeobject.html |title=Largest Objects to Reenter |publisher=The Aerospace Corporation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929165244/http://www.reentrynews.com/largeobject.html |archivedate=29 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Baudouin ha riunito insieme in un'unica rappresentazione lo schema dei "sette partner dell'Ego", cioè:
 
=== TKS-2 (Kosmos 1267) ===
* tre istanze freudiane: Es, Ego e Super-Io;
{{main|Kosmos 1267}}
* tre istanze junghiane: Persona, Ombra e Sé;
On 25 April 1981, TKS-2 was launched unmanned as [[Kosmos 1267]], the first FGB to dock with a space station.<ref name=SFN /> After separation and recovery of the VA capsule on 24 May 1981, the FGB docked on 19 June with [[Salyut 6]], after 57 days of autonomous flight. It remained attached to the station until both deorbited and were destroyed on 29 July 1982.
* un'istanza baudouiniana: l'Automatismo.
 
==={{anchor|Kosmos 1443}} TKS-3 (Kosmos 1443) ===
Il sempre mutevole equilibrio del sistema psichico dipende dalle loro opposizioni, dai loro accordi o dalle loro complementarità.
{{hatnote|"Kosmos 1443" redirects here.}}
On 2 March 1983, TKS-3 was launched unmanned as Kosmos 1443.<ref name=SFN /> This time, the VA remained attached and the first "complete" TKS docked to [[Salyut 7]] two days after launch. TKS-3 separated from the station on 14 August. After undocking, the FGB and the VA spacecraft separated and the VA spacecraft continued in space for four more days demonstrating autonomous flight, before the VA capsule successfully re-entered on 23 August 1983, landing 100&nbsp;km south-east of [[Arkalsk]] and returning 350&nbsp;kg of material from the station. The FGB deorbited itself on 19 September 1983.
 
=== OpereTKS-4 (Kosmos 1686) ===
{{main|Kosmos 1686}}
Attraverso numerosi libri e conferenze, Baudouin ha promosso la psicoanalisi non solo nei paesi di lingua francese, ma in tutto il mondo.
[[File:Mir-78.png|thumb|A drawing of the last flown TKS spacecraft, Kosmos 1686, depicted docked to the Salyut 7 space station. The VA capsule is visible on the bottom left. The "nose section" of the VA spacecraft, that would have contained the de-orbit engines for the VA capsule, has been replaced with remote sensing instruments.<ref name=SFN /><ref name=eaTKS>{{cite web |title=TKS |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/tks.htm |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Astronautica]] |accessdate=31 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825003630/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/tks.htm |archivedate=25 August 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]
Le sue opere sono di grande interesse per gli storici moderni e gli psicoanalisti.
TKS-4 was launched unmanned as [[Kosmos 1686]] on 27 September 1985. The landing systems, ECS, seats, and manned controls were removed from the VA spacecraft, and instead other payload was installed: a high-resolution photo apparatus, an [[infrared telescope]] and the [[Ozon (spectrometer)|''Ozon'']] [[spectrometer]]. The TKS successfully docked with [[Salyut 7]].
Le sue preoccupazioni e i suoi campi di interesse sono spesso importanti per la psicoanalisi contemporanea.
È stato un precursore in numerosi campi (arte, educazione, suggestione e ipnosi) e alcuni dei suoi libri sono stati tradotti in tedesco, inglese, spagnolo, italiano, norvegese e svedese.
La raccolta dei suoi saggi "Contemporary Studies" include "The Linguistic International (Esperanto)", il suo discorso in [[esperanto]] pronunciato a Ginevra del 1925 durante il "somera universitato" come parte di un congresso internazionale di esperanto, il quale fu pubblicato con il titolo "La arto de memdisciplino".
 
The "military" long-duration crew [[Salyut 7 EO-4]], consisting of [[Viktor Savinykh]], [[Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov|Alexander Volkov]] and the commander [[Vladimir Vasyutin]], had manned Salyut 7 that month to conduct experiments with TKS-4. Commander Vasyutin fell ill soon after arriving at the station.
== Bibliografia ==
Originally scheduled to have a six-month stay aboard Salyut 7, Vasyutin's illness forced the crew to make an emergency return to Earth on 21 November 1985, preventing the crew from finishing the TKS experiments.
The crew of [[Soyuz T-15]] returned to Salyut 7 in May 1986, to conclude some of the experiments and ferry equipment to the then new Mir space station.<ref name=SFN /><ref name=MHH>{{cite web |url=http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf |title=Mir Hardware Heritage |author=D. S. F. Portree |publisher=NASA |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5il9QixAg?url=http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/RP1357.pdf |archivedate=3 August 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
Salyut 7 was moved to a higher orbit after that mission, while awaiting another "TKS" crew – there were even plans to return using the [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]] shuttle. Such flights never materialized before Salyut 7 and Kosmos 1686 deorbited on 7 February 1991, burning up together over Argentina.
=== Libri di psicoanalisi ===
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Suggestion et autosuggestion | 1919, 1922, 1938 et 1951 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Études de psychanalyse | 1922 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La Force en nous | 1923, 1950 | Ed. de la Société lorraine de Psychologie Appliqué – Ed. du Carmel | Nancy-Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Psychologie de la suggestion et autosuggestion | 1924 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Qu’est-ce que la suggestion ? | 1924 Paris, Ed. Le Hameau, 1982 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Psychanalyse de l’art | 1929 | Alcan | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Mobilisation de l’énergie. Éléments de psychagogie théorique et pratique | 1931 | Ed. Pelman | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’Âme enfantine et la psychanalyse | 1931 Deuxième édition augmentée 1951, 1964 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La psychanalyse | 1939 | Hermann | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Découverte de la Personne. Esquisse d’un personnalisme analytique | 1940 | Alcan | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’Âme et l’action. Prémisses d’une philosophie de la psychanalyse | 1944, 1969 Paris, Ed. Imago, 2006. (Prix Amiel) | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Introduction à l’analyse des rêves | 1942 Ed. l'Arche, 1950 | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | De l’instinct à l’esprit | 1950 Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé, 1970 Paris, Ed. Imago, 2007. | Desclée de Brouwer | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Y a-t-il une science de l’âme ? | 1957 | Fayard | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Psychanalyse du symbole religieux | 1961 Paris, Ed. Imago, 2006. | Fayard | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’œuvre de Jung et la psychologie complexe | 1963 | Payot | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Christophe le Passeur | 1964 Paris, Le courrier du livre, 1984 | La Colombe | Paris}}
 
=== AltriFurther libriusage ===
{{main|Functional Cargo Block}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Culture de la force morale | 1917 | Société lorraine de psychologie appliquée | }}
The TKS design, which has never been flown manned, has gone on to provide the basic structure for several later space-station components, such as:
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Romain Rolland calomnié | 1918 | Le Carmel | Genève}}
* [[Kvant-1]] tug<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Tolstoi éducateur | 1921 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* [[Kvant-2]] Mir module<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le Symbole chez Verhaeren | 1924 | Ed. Mongenet | Genève}}
* [[Kristall]] Mir module<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La Discipline intérieure | 1924 | Forum | Genève }} (avec Dr. Laestchinski)
* [[Spektr]] Mir module<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Émile Coué | 1927 | La Concorde | Lausanne}}
* [[Priroda]] Mir module<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Carl Spitteler | 1938 | Les Cahiers du journal de poètes | Bruxelles}}
* [[Polyus (spacecraft)|Polyus]] (FGB) spacecraft<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Jean-Louis Claparède | 1939 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* [[Zarya]] (FGB-1) ISS module<ref name=SFN />
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Douceur de France | 1941 | L’Abbaye du Livre | Lausanne}}
* [[Russian Research Module]] (FGB-2) ISS module (canceled)
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Tenir, Causeries sur le courage quotidien | 1942 | Delachaux x&amp;amp; Niestlé | Neuchâtel-Paris}}
* [[Nauka (ISS module)|Nauka]] (FGB-2) ISS module
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | James Vibert | 1943 | Nouveaux Cahiers | La Chaux-de-Fonds}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Psychanalyse de Victor Hugo | 1943 | Éditions du Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Éclaircie sur l’Europe | 1944 | L’Abbaye du Livre | Lausanne}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Hommage à Romain Rolland | 1945 | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | René Allendy. 1889-1942 | 1945 | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le Mythe du moderne | 1946 | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Reconnaissances lorraines | 1946 | Mont-Blanc | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Alexandre Mairet | 1947 | Cahiers du Carmel | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le Triomphe du héros | 1950 | Plon | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Blaise Pascal ou l’ordre du cœur | 1962 | Plon | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Jean Racine, l'enfant du désert | 1963 | Plon | Paris}}
 
Two TKS/Almaz VA capsules were bought for commercial use by the [[private spaceflight]] company [[Excalibur Almaz]]. As of 2014, one of those were auctioned for 1 million [[euro]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2014/05/09/excalibur-almaz-space-capsule-bought-auction/ |title= Excalibur Almaz Space Capsule Bought at Auction |publisher=parabolicarc.com |date=19 May 2014 |author=Doug Messier }}</ref> and the other was reportedly shipped away from the company's headquarters on [[Isle of Man]] in an undisclosed direction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2015/03/11/line-excalibur-almaz/ |title= End of the Line for Excalibur Almaz? |publisher=parabolicarc.com |date=11 March 2015 |author=Doug Messier }}</ref>
=== Romanzi ===
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La Loge de la rue du vieux muy | 1928 | Grasset | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Générations | 1928 | Grasset | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Printemps anxieux | 1929 | Grasset | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’Éveil de Psyché | Psyché, 1947 | Paris | 1928}}
 
==Existing hardware<ref>http://www.kosmonavtika.com/vaisseaux/tks/visite/visite.html</ref>==
=== Libri di poesie ===
Some VA capsules are on display in museums or in storage.
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | En sourdine | 1915 | Paris-Revue | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Éclats d’obus | 1917 | Cahiers du Carmel | Genève-Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | L’Arche flottante | 1919 | Le Carmel | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Baptismales | 1919 | Le Carmel | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Ecce Homo | 1921 | Le Carmel | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le miracle de vivre | 1922 | Ed. Lumière | Anvers}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | La jeunesse éternelle | 1924 | Images de Paris | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le feu de hommes | 1926 | Images de Paris | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Cimes | 1930 | La Jeune Parque | Paris}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Stigmates | 1940 | Le livre de dix | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Le voile de la danse | 1945 | P. Cailler | Vésenaz}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Rose des ruines | 1945 | Cahier du Carmel | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Livres d’images | 1953 | Henneuse | Lyon}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Il libro delle ore | 1959 | Casa Editrice Maia | Siena}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Paroles sur des vieux airs | 1960 | Éditions Perret-Gentil | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Deux rondeaux pour chant et piano | 1960 | | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Trois rondels pour quatre voix mixte | 1960 | | Genève}}
* {{cita libro| Charles | Baudouin | Florilège poétique | 1964 | L’amitié par le livre | Blainville-sur-Mer}}
 
Known articles include:
=== Traduzioni in francese ===
* #103/1 – [[Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics]]
* Werfel F., ''L'Ami du monde'', Paris, Stock, 1924
* #103/2 – [[Excalibur Almaz]]
* Blok A., ''Elégies'', Bruxelles, Les cahiers du journal des poètes, 1935
* #103/4 – [[Smithsonian Museum]]
* Spitteler C., ''Prométhée et Epiméthée'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux &amp; Niestlé, 1940
* #009A/2 – [[Excalibur Almaz]]
* Goethe, ''Iphigénie en Tauride'', Genève, Cahiers du Carmel, 1950
* #009/2 – [[NPO Mashinostroyeniya]]
* Spitteler C., ''Printemps olympien'', Genève, Ed. Pierre Cailler, 1950
* #009/3 – [[Excalibur Almaz]]
* Castellion S., ''De l'art de douter et de croire, d'ignorer et de savoir'', Genève, Jeheber, 1953
* #? – [[International Space University]], Strasbourg
* Spitteler C., ''Le Second Prométhée'', Neuchâtel, Delachaux &amp; Niestlé, 1959
* #? – [[Yevpatoria]]
* #? – [[NPO Energomash]]
* #? – [[Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center]]
* #? – Vladimir Tchelomey School, Kazakhstan
 
== Galleria ==
=== Fondo Charles Baudouin ===
TKS-based and descendant spacecraft and modules.
Gli archivi di Charles Baudouin sono consultabili in questi luoghi:
<gallery perrow=4>
 
File:TKS spacecraft drawing.png|Soviet TKS crew delivery/cargo ship
* Biblioteca di Ginevra;
File:TKS cutaway.png|Cutaway of TKS vehicle. Details are conjectural
* Museo di Carouge, a Carouge (Ginevra);
File:Kosmos-1686 drawing.png|[[Kosmos 1686]]. Note the [[VA capsule]] (left), heavily modified to house scientific instruments
* Istituto Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Ginevra;
File:Salyut 7 and Cosmos 1686 drawing.png|[[Kosmos 1686]] and [[Salyut 7]]
* Archivi del International Institute of Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Charles Baudouin, a Geneva;
File:Polyus cutaway.png|Polyus cutaway
* Archivi di letteratura svizzera, a Berna;
File:Kvant module and FSM drawing.png | Kvant-1 with its orbital tug attached
* Biblioteca nazionale di Francia, a Parigi.
File:Kvant-2 - Mir module.png| Cut-way view of Kvant-2
File:Kristall - Mir module.png|Cut-way view of Kristall
File:Spektr - Mir module.png|Cut-away view of Spektr
File:Priroda - Mir module.png|Cut-away view of Priroda
File:Zarya from STS-88.jpg|Zarya module as seen from STS-88
image:MLM - ISS module.jpg|MLM docked to the ISS
</gallery>
 
== Note ==
Riga 159 ⟶ 235:
 
== Collegamenti esterni ==
* [http://www.astronautix.com/t/tks.html TKS] at [[Encyclopedia Astronautica]]
* [http://www.institut-baudouin.com/ International Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Charles Baudouin]
* http://www.russianspaceweb.com/tks.html
* [http://www.russianspaceweb.com/almaz_ops4.html RussianSpaceWeb.com: OPS-4 space station]
Estratto da "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utente:O--o/sandbox4"