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Line 50: * [[Processor register]]s – the fastest possible access (usually 1 CPU cycle). A few thousand bytes in size * [[CPU cache\|Cache]] Level 0 (L0) [[Micro-operation\|Micro operations]] cache – 6,144 bytes (6 KiB{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}})<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/6355/intels-haswell-architecture/6 \|title=Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed: Building a New PC and a New Intel \|publisher=AnandTech \|access-date=2014-07-31}}</ref> in size Level 1 (L1) [[Opcode\|Instruction]] cache – 128 KiB{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size Level 1 (L1) Data cache – 128 KiB{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size. Best access speed is around 700 [[GB]]/s<ref name=sisd_qa_f_mem_hsw>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sisoftware.co.uk/?d=qa&f=mem_hsw \|title=SiSoftware Zone \|publisher=Sisoftware.co.uk \|access-date=2014-07-31\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913231938/http://www.sisoftware.co.uk/?d=qa&f=mem_hsw\|archive-date=2014-09-13}}</ref> Level 2 (L2) Instruction and data (shared) – 1 [[MiB]]{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size. Best access speed is around 200 GB/s<ref name=sisd_qa_f_mem_hsw /> Level 3 (L3) Shared cache – 6 MiB{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size. Best access speed is around 100 GB/s<ref name=sisd_qa_f_mem_hsw /> Level 4 (L4) Shared cache – 128 MiB{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size. Best access speed is around 40 GB/s<ref name=sisd_qa_f_mem_hsw /> * [[Computer memory\|Main memory]] ([[Primary storage]]) – [[GiB]]{{cn\|reason=No source provided for IEC units, sources only use metric units like KB, MB, GB, etc\|date=May 2021}}{{Original research inline\|certain=y\|date=May 2021}} in size. Best access speed is around 10 GB/s.<ref name=sisd_qa_f_mem_hsw /> In the case of a [[Non-Uniform Memory Access\|NUMA]] machine, access times may not be uniform * [[Disk storage]] ([[Secondary storage]]) – [[Terabyte]]s in size. As of 2017, best access speed is from a consumer [[Solid-state drive\|solid state drive]] is about 2000 MB/s<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.storagereview.com/samsung_960_pro_m2_nvme_ssd_review\|title=Samsung 960 Pro M.2 NVMe SSD Review\|publisher=storagereview.com\|access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref> * [[Nearline storage]] ([[Tertiary storage]]) – Up to [[exabytes]] in size. As of 2013, best access speed is about 160 MB/s<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.lto.org/technology/generations.html \|title=Ultrium - LTO Technology - Ultrium GenerationsLTO \|publisher=Lto.org \|access-date=2014-07-31 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727052050/http://www.lto.org/technology/generations.html \|archive-date=2011-07-27 }}</ref>

Memory hierarchy: Difference between revisions