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La pratica dello stato relativa al riconoscimento degli Stati generalmente rientra in qualche modo tra gli approcci dichiarativi e costitutivi.<ref>{{cite book |title=International law |first1=Malcolm Nathan |last1=Shaw |year=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=369 |edition=5th |isbn=978-0-521-53183-2 }}</ref> Il diritto internazionale non richiede ad uno stato di riconoscere gli altri.<ref>Opinion No. 10. della Commissione di arbitrato della conferenza sulla Jugoslavia]].</ref> Il riconoscimento viene spesso negato quando un nuovo stato è considerato illegittimo o è nato in violazione del diritto internazionale. Il non riconoscimento universale da parte della comunità internazionale di [[Rhodesia]] e [[Cipro del Nord]] sono buoni esempi di ciò. La prima è stato riconosciuta solo da [[Sudafrica]] e quest'ultimo solo dalla [[Turchia]]. Nel caso della Rhodesia, il riconoscimento fu ampiamente negato quando la minoranza bianca prese il potere e tentò la costituzione di uno stato sulla falsariga dell'[[Apartheid|Apartheid del Sudafrica]], mossa che il [[Consiglio di sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite]] descrisse come la creazione di un "regime illegale di minoranza razzista".<ref>[[s:United Nations Security Council Resolution 216|United Nations Security Council Resolution 216]]</ref> Nel caso di [[Cipro del Nord]], il riconoscimento è stato negato per uno stato creato nel nord di [[Cipro]].<ref>[[s:United Nations Security Council Resolution 541|United Nations Security Council Resolution 541]]</ref> Il diritto internazionale non impedisce le dichiarazioni di indipendenza,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-10730573 BBC] The President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Hisashi Owada (2010): "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence."</ref> e il riconoscimento di un paese è una questione politica.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xMvOBAAAQBAJ Oshisanya, An Almanac of Contemporary and Comperative Judicial Restatement, 2016] p.64: The ICJ maintained that ... the issue of recognition was a political.</ref> Di conseguenza, i turco-ciprioti hanno ottenuto lo "status di osservatore" nella [[Assemblea parlamentare del Consiglio d'Europa]], e i loro rappresentanti sono eletti nell'assemblea di Cipro del Nord;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4PwmeRG9QsUC James Ker-Lindsay (UN SG's Former Special Representative for Cyprus)] The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States, p.149</ref> e Cipro del Nord divenne membro osservatore dell'[[Organizzazione della cooperazione islamica]] e dell'[[Organizzazione di cooperazione economica|Organizzazione per la cooperazione economica]].
===Stati ''De facto'' ande ''de jureiure'' states===
MostLa sovereignmaggior statesparte aredegli statesstati sovrani lo sono ''[[de jureiure]]'' ande ''[[de facto]]'' (i.e.cioè, theyesistono existsia bothlegalmente inche law and innella realityrealtà). HoweverTuttavia, auno statestato maypuò beessere recognisedriconosciuto onlysolo ascome auno ''stato "de jure'' state", in thatquanto itè isriconosciuto recognisedcome asil beinggoverno thelegittimo legitimatedi governmentun ofterritorio asul territoryquale overnon whichha itun hascontrollo no actual controleffettivo.{{citation needed|reason=IsAd a de jure state an occupied state?|date=December 2018}} For exampleesempio, duringdurante thela [[Secondseconda Worldguerra Warmondiale]], i [[GovernmentGoverno in exileesilio |governments- governi in-exile esilio]] ofdi aun numbercerto ofnumero continentaldi Europeanstati stateseuropei continuedcontinentali tocontinuarono enjoya diplomaticgodere relationsdi withrelazioni thediplomatiche con gli [[AlliesAlleati ofdella Worldseconda Warguerra mondiale II|Alliesalleati]], notwithstandingnonostante thati theirloro countriespaesi werefossero undersotto Nazil'occupazione occupationnazista.{{citation needed|reason=ThroughL'[[Organizzazione exileper governments|date=Decemberla 2018}}Liberazione Thedella [[PLOPalestina]] ande l'[[PalestinianAutorità AuthorityNazionale Palestinese]] claimaffermano thatche thelo [[StateStato ofdi PalestinePalestina]] isè auno sovereignstato statesovrano, auna claimrivendicazione whichche hasè beenstata [[InternationalRiconoscimento recognitioninternazionale ofdello theStato Statedi ofPalestina Palestine|recognised byriconosciuta dalla maggior parte mostdegli statesstati]], thoughsebbene theil territoryterritorio itche claimssostiene issia undersotto theil ''proprio controllo "de facto''" controlè ofcontrollato da [[IsraelIsraele]].<ref name="saeb"/>{{#tag:ref|IsraelIsraele allows theconsente all'[[PalestinianAutorità NationalNazionale Authority|PNAPalestinese]] todi executeeseguire somealcune functionsfunzioni in thenei [[Palestinianterritori territoriespalestinesi]], depending onsecondo l'[[AdministrativeAccordo divisionsad ofinterim thesulla OsloCisgiordania Accords|speciale areala classificationStriscia di Gaza]]., Israelpur maintainsmantenendo [[Israel'sPiano unilateraldi disengagementdisimpegno planunilaterale israeliano|minimalalcune interferenceinterferenze]] (retainingil controlcontrollo ofdei bordersconfini: [[NationalSpazio airspaceaereo|airaerei]],<ref name="GazaSeaAir">[[B'Tselem]] - The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories: [http://www.btselem.org/english/Gaza_Strip/Control_on_Air_space_and_territorial_waters.asp Israel's control of the airspace and the territorial waters of the Gaza Strip], Retrieved 24 March 2012.</ref> seamarittimi [[UnitedConvenzione Nationsdelle ConventionNazioni onUnite thesul Lawdiritto ofdel themare#Le Sea#indicazioni dell'UNCLOS III|beyondfuori internaldalle watersacque interne]],<ref name="GazaSeaAir"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dissidentvoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Gaza-map-08s-fishing-limits-20090119.jpg|title=Map of Gaza fishing limits, "security zones"|publisher=}}</ref> [[Europeane Unionin Border Assistance Mission Rafah|land]]terra<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Israels+Disengagement+Plan-+Renewing+the+Peace+Process+Apr+2005.htm Israel's Disengagement Plan: Renewing the Peace Process] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302014936/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Israels%20Disengagement%20Plan-%20Renewing%20the%20Peace%20Process%20Apr%202005.htm |date=2 Marchmarzo 2007 }}: "IsraelIsraele willproteggerà guardil theperimetro perimeterdella of[[Striscia thedi Gaza Strip]], continuecontinuerà toa controlcontrollare lo spazio aereo di [[Gaza]] aire space,continuerà anda continuepattugliare toil patrolmare theal sealargo offdella thecosta di Gaza coast. ... Israelcontinuerà willa continuemantenere tola maintainsua itspresenza essentialmilitare militaryessenziale presenceper toprevenire preventil armscontrabbando smugglingdi alongarmi thelungo borderil betweenconfine thetra Gazala StripStriscia anddi EgyptGaza e l'[[Egitto]] ([[Philadelphi Route]]), untilfino thea securityquando situationla andsituazione cooperationdella withsicurezza Egypte permitla ancooperazione alternativecon securityl'Egitto non permetteranno un accordo di sicurezza arrangementalternativo."</ref>) in thenella [[Striscia di Gaza strip]] ande maximum insoprattutto nell'"[[AdministrativeZone divisionsdella ofcosta theoccidentale nell'accordo Oslo AccordsII|Area C]]".<ref>{{Cite web | last = Gold | first = Dore |author2=Institute for Contemporary Affairs | title = Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
| date = 26 August 2005 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last = Bell | first = Abraham | title = International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense
| work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs | date = 28 January 2008
| url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release|title=Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel |date=22 January 2008 |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |accessdate=16 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025009/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches%2Bby%2BIsraeli%2Bleaders/2008/Address%2Bby%2BFM%2BLivni%2Bto%2Bthe%2B8th%2BHerzliya%2BConference%2B22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |archivedate=26 October 2011 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Salih | first = Zak M. | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status | publisher = University of Virginia School of Law | date = 17 November 2005 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | archive-date = 3 March 2016 | dead-url = yes | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation | publisher = Human Rights Watch
| date = 29 October 2004 | url = https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref> SeeSi alsoveda anche [[Israeli-occupiedTerritori occupati da territoriesIsraele]].<br><ref name="saeb">{{Cite news|author=Staff writers|title=Palestinians 'may declare state'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7254434.stm|newspaper=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=20 February 2008|accessdate=22 January 2011}}:"Saeb Erekat, disagreed arguing that the Palestine Liberation Organisation had already declared independence in 1988. "Now we need real independence, not a declaration. We need real independence by ending the occupation. We are not Kosovo. We are under Israeli occupation and for independence we need to acquire independence".</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last = Gold | first = Dore |author2=Institute for Contemporary Affairs | title = Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs | date = 26 August 2005 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Bell | first = Abraham | title = International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense | work = Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29 | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs | date = 28 January 2008 | url = http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release
|title=Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference
|df=
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Salih | first = Zak M. | title = Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status | publisher = University of Virginia School of Law | date = 17 November 2005 | url = http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm | archive-date = 3 March 2016 | dead-url = yes | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title = Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation | publisher = Human Rights Watch | date = 29 October 2004 | url = https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm | accessdate = 16 July 2010}}</ref> |name="israel"}}
OtherAltre entitiesentità maypossono haveavere ''un controllo "de facto''" controlsu overun aterritorio territoryma butmancano lackdi internationalriconoscimento recognitioninternazionale; thesequesti maypossono beessere consideredconsiderati by thedalla [[internationalcomunità communityinternazionale]] tosolo become onlystati ''"de facto'' states". TheySono areconsiderati considered ''"de jure''iure" statessolo onlyin accordingbase toalla theirpropria ownlegge lawe andagli bystati statesche thatli recognise themriconoscono. ForAd exampleesempio, il [[Somaliland]] isè commonlycomunemente consideredconsiderato tocome beuno such a statestato.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/083206arieff.pdf |title=De facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland |accessdate=4 January 2010 |year=2008 |last=Arieff |first=Alexis |journal=Yale Journal of International Affairs |volume=3 |issue= |pages=60–79 |doi= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3903 |title=The List: Six Reasons You May Need A New Atlas Soon |accessdate=4 January 2010 |date=July 2007 |publisher=Foreign Policy Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unpo.org/content/view/8418/244/ |title=Overview of De-facto States |accessdate=4 January 2010 |date=July 2008 |publisher=[[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lesnouvelles.org/P10_magazine/15_grandentretien/15055_mahamudsalahnur_eng.html |title=France recognises de facto Somaliland |accessdate=4 January 2010 |date=April 2008 |author=Wiren, Robert |publisher=Les Nouvelles d'Addis Magazine}}</ref> ForPer aun listelenco ofdi entitiesentità thatche wishdesiderano toessere beuniversalmente universallyriconosciute recognisedcome asstati sovereign statessovrani, butma doche notnon havehanno completeun worldwidericonoscimento [[diplomaticriconoscimento recognitiondiplomatico|diplomatico]] globale, see theconsultare [[listStato ofa statesriconoscimento withlimitato|Stati a limitedriconoscimento recognitionlimitato]].
==Relationship between state and government==
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