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In generale, gli stati sono entità durature, sebbene sia possibile che possano estinguersi, sia attraverso mezzi volontari o forze esterne, come la conquista militare. L'abolizione violenta dello stato è praticamente cessata dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fazal|first=Tanisha M.|date=1 April 2004|title=State Death in the International System|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/state-death-in-the-international-system/293E2E30C054DEE72899DAAA643B61AD|journal=International Organization|volume=58|issue=2|pages=311–344|doi=10.1017/S0020818304582048|issn=1531-5088}}</ref> Poiché gli stati sono entità giuridiche non fisiche, è stato argomentato che la loro estinzione non può essere dovuta alla sola forza fisica.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Edward Heath |url=http://www.edwardheath.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Destruction-of-States.pdf |title=The Involuntary Extinction of States: An Examination of the Destruction of States though the Application of Military Force by Foreign Powers since the Second World War |journal=The Journal of Military Geography |year=2011 |volume=1 |pages=17–29 }}</ref> Invece, le azioni fisiche dell'esercito devono essere associate alle azioni sociali o giudiziarie corrette al fine di abolire uno stato.
==Status ontologico dello stato==
==Ontological status of the state==
TheLo status [[ontologyontologia |ontological ontologico]] statusdello ofstato theè stateoggetto has been the subject ofdi debatedibattito,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ringmar |first=Erik |date=1996 |title=On the ontological status of the state |url= |journal=European Journal of International Relations |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages= 439–466|doi=10.1177/1354066196002004002 |accessdate=}}</ref> speciallye in particolare, whetherindipendentemente ordal notfatto the stateche, beingessendo anun objectoggetto thatche nonessuno onepuò can seevedere, tastegustare, touch,toccare oro otherwisealtrimenti detectrilevare,<ref>A. James (1986). ''Sovereign Statehood: The Basis of International Society'' (London: Allen & Unwin)</ref> actuallyè un'entità existsreale.
===TheLo statestato ascome "quasi-abstract astratto"===
ItÈ hasstato beensostenuto arguedche thatuna onepotenziale potentialragione reasonper ascui tol'esistenza whydegli thestati existencesia ofstata statescontroversa hasè beenperché controversialnon ishanno becauseun statesposto donella nottradizionale havedualità aplatonica placedel inconcreto thee traditional Platonist duality of the concrete and the abstractdell'astratto.<ref name="dl.dropboxusercontent.com">{{cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Edward H. |date=2014 |title=A documentary theory of states and their existence as quasi-abstract entities |url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/46395762/My%20Articles/Documentary%20Theory%20of%20States.pdf |journal=Geopolitics |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=461–489 |doi=10.1080/14650045.2014.913027 |accessdate=16 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213829/https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/46395762/My%20Articles/Documentary%20Theory%20of%20States.pdf |archivedate=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> CharacteristicallyNormalmente, concretegli objectsoggetti areconcreti thosesono thatquelli haveche positionhanno inuna timeposizione andnel space,tempo whiche statesnello dospazio, notche havegli (thoughstati theirnon territorieshanno have(sebbene spatiali position,loro butterritori statesabbiano areuna distinctposizione fromspaziale, theirma territories),gli andstati abstractsono objectsdistinti havedai positionloro interritori), neithere timegli noroggetti space,astratti whichnon doeshanno notposizione fitné thenel supposedtempo characteristicsné of statesnello eitherspazio, sincedal statesmomento che dohanno haveuna temporalposizione positiontemporale (theypossono canessere becreati createdin atdeterminati certainmomenti timese andpoi thenestinguersi becomein extinctun atmomento a future timesuccessivo). ThereforePertanto, itè hasstato beensostenuto arguedche thatgli states belongstati toappartengono a thirduna categoryterza categoria, theil quasi-abstractastratto, thatche hasha recentlyrecentemente beguniniziato toa garnerraccogliere philosophicalattenzione attentionfilosofica, especially in thesoprattutto nell'area ofdella [[documentalitydocumentalità]], anuna ontologicalteoria theoryontologica thatche seekscerca todi understandcapire theil roleruolo ofdei documentsdocumenti innel understandingcomprendere alltutta ofla socialrealtà realitysociale. Quasi-abstractGli objects,oggetti suchquasi as statesastratti, cancome begli broughtstati, intopossono beingessere throughcreati documentattraverso acts,atti anddocumentali canche alsopossono beanche usedessere tousati manipulateper themmanipolarli, suchad asesempio bylegandoli bindingper themtrattato byo treatyarrendendoli orcome surrenderingrisultato themdi as the result of auna warguerra.<ref name="dl.dropboxusercontent.com"/>
===Lo stato come "entità spirituale"===
Scholars in international relations can be broken up into two different practices, realists and pluralists, of what they believe the ontological state of the state is. Realists believe that the world is one of only states and interstate relations and the identity of the state is defined before any international relations with other states. On the other hand, pluralists believe that the state is not the only actor in international relations and interactions between states and the state is competing against many other actors.<ref name=MariahSutt2>{{cite journal|last1=Ringmar|first1=Erik|title=On the Ontological Status of the State|journal=European Journal of International Relations|date=1996|volume=10|issue=2}}</ref>
AnotherUn'altra theoryteoria of the ontology of thesull'ontologia statedello isstato thatè theche statelo isstato aè spiritualspirituale,<ref name=Fundamentals71>{{ harvnbcita|Schmandt | e Steinbicker |, 1954|p =. 71}}</ref> or "mystical entity"<ref name=Fundamentals71/> withcon itsil ownproprio beingessere, distinctdistinto fromdai thesuoi members of the statemembri.<ref name=Fundamentals71/> TheIl Germanfilosofo [[ IdealismIdealismo | Idealistidealista]] philosophertedesco, [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] ( 1770–18311770-1831) , wasfu perhapsforse theil greatestpiù proponentgrande ofsostenitore thisdi theoryquesta teoria.<ref name=Fundamentals71/> TheLa Hegeliandefinizione definition ofegheliana thedi statestato isè " thel'idea Divinedivina Ideacosì ascome itesiste existssulla on Earthterra".<ref>{{ harvnbcita|Schmandt | e Steinbicker |, 1954|p =. 71}} ( citing Hegel'scitando ''Philosophy of History'' di Hegel, trans. J. Sibree [New York: Wiley Book Co., 1934]); seevedi alsoanche {{cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=The Philosophy of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bniImd3dIMkC|year=2012|orig-year=1899|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-11900-7|page=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=bniImd3dIMkC&pg=PA39&dq=%22divine+idea%22 39]}}</ref> ▼
===The state as "spiritual entity"===
▲Another theory of the ontology of the state is that the state is a spiritual,<ref name=Fundamentals71>{{harvnb|Schmandt|Steinbicker|1954|p=71}}</ref> or "mystical entity"<ref name=Fundamentals71/> with its own being, distinct from the members of the state.<ref name=Fundamentals71/> The German [[Idealism|Idealist]] philosopher [[Georg Hegel]] (1770–1831) was perhaps the greatest proponent of this theory.<ref name=Fundamentals71/> The Hegelian definition of the state is "the Divine Idea as it exists on Earth".<ref>{{harvnb|Schmandt|Steinbicker|1954|p=71}} (citing Hegel's ''Philosophy of History'', trans. J. Sibree [New York: Wiley Book Co., 1934]); see also {{cite book|last=Hegel|first=Georg Wilhelm Friedrich|title=The Philosophy of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bniImd3dIMkC|year=2012|orig-year=1899|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-11900-7|page=[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=bniImd3dIMkC&pg=PA39&dq=%22divine+idea%22 39]}}</ref>
==Trends in the number of states==
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