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Additionally, the original model assumes that the only significant associations between items are those formed during the study portion of an experiment. In other words, it does not account for the effects of prior knowledge about to-be-studied items. A more recent extension of the model incorporates various features which allow the model to account for memory store for the effects of prior semantic knowledge and prior episodic knowledge. The extension proposes a store for preexisting semantic associations; a contextual drift mechanism allowing for decontextualisation of knowledge, e.g. if you first learned a banana was a fruit because you put it in the same class as apple, you do not always have to think of apples to know bananas are fruits; a memory search mechanism that uses both episodic and semantic associations, as opposed to a unitary mechanism; and a large lexicon including both words from prior lists and unpresented words.<ref name=SirotinKimballKahana2005 />
==References==
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<ref name=AtkinsonShiffrin1971>{{cite journal |last1=Atkinson |first1=Richard C. |last2=Shiffrin |first2=Richard M. |title=The control of short-term memory |journal=Scientific American |volume= 225|issue=2 |pages=82–90 |date=August 1971 |pmid=5089457 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0871-82|bibcode=1971SciAm.
<ref name=BaddeleyHitch1974>{{cite book |last1=Baddeley |first1=Alan D. |last2=Hitch |first2=Graham J. |chapter=Working memory |editor-last=Bower |editor-first=Gordon H. |title=The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory |volume=8 |pages=47–90 |___location=New York |publisher=Academic Press}}</ref>
<ref name=Bahrick1984>{{cite journal |last=Bahrick |first=Harry P. |title=Semantic memory content in permastore: Fifty years of memory for Spanish learned in school. |journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: General |volume=113 |issue=1 |date=March 1984 |pages=1–29 |doi=10.1037/0096-3445.113.1.1}}</ref>
<ref name=BjorkWhitten1974>{{cite journal |last1=Bjork |first1=Robert A. |author-link1=Robert A. Bjork |last2=Whitten |first2=William B. |title=Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall |journal=Cognitive Psychology |year=1974 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=173–189 |doi=10.1016/0010-0285(74)90009-7|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22374/1/0000823.pdf |hdl=2027.42/22374 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=ColtheartLeaThompson1974>{{cite journal |last1=Coltheart |first1=Max |last2=Lea |first2=C David |last3=Thompson |first3=Keith |title=In defence of iconic memory |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=26 |issue=4 |year=1974 |pages=633–641 |doi=10.1080/14640747408400456}}</ref>
<ref name=CraikLockhart1972>{{cite journal |last1=Craik |first1=Fergus I. M. |last2=Lockhart |first2=Robert S. |title=Levels of processing: A framework for memory research |journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior |volume=11 |issue=6 |date=December 1972 |pages=671–684 |issn=0022-5371 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X}}</ref>
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<ref name=CrowderMorton1969>{{cite journal |last1=Crowder |first1=Robert G. |last2=Morton |first2=John |title=Precategorical acoustic storage (PAS) |journal=Perception & Psychophysics |date=November 1969 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=365–373 |doi=10.3758/BF03210660|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=DarwinTurveyCrowder1972>{{cite journal |last1=Darwin |first1=Christopher J. |last2=Turvey |first2=Michael T. |last3=Crowder |first3=Robert G. |title=An auditory analogue of the sperling partial report procedure: Evidence for brief auditory storage |
<ref name=Ebbinghaus>{{cite book |last=Ebbinghaus |first=Hermann |title=Über das Gedächtnis |trans-title=Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology |orig-year=1885
|translator=Henry A. Ruger
|translator2=Clara E. Bussenius|date=1913|___location=New York |publisher=Teachers College, Columbia University |url=http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Ebbinghaus/}}</ref>
<ref name=Estes1972>{{cite book |last=Estes |first=William K. |chapter=An associative basis for coding and organization in memory |title=Coding Processes in Human Memory |editor1-last=Melton |editor1-first=Arthur W. |editor2-last=Martin |editor2-first=Edwin |pages=[https://archive.org/details/codingprocessesi0000unse/page/161 161–90] |___location=Washington, DC |publisher=Winston |isbn=978-0-470-59335-6 |year=1972 |chapter-url-access=registration |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/codingprocessesi0000unse |url=https://archive.org/details/codingprocessesi0000unse/page/161 }}</ref>
<ref name=HealyEtAl1992>{{cite book |last1=Healy |first1=Alice F. |last2=Fendrich |first2=David W. |last3=Crutcher |first3=Robert J. |last4=Wittman |first4=William T. |last5=Gesi |first5=Antoinette T. |last6=Ericsson| first6=K. Anders |last7=Bourne |first7=Lyle E. Jr. |chapter=The long-term retention of skills |editor1-last=Healy |editor1-first=Alice F. |editor2-last=Kosslyn |editor2-first=Stephen M. |editor3-last=Shiffrin |editor3-first=Richard M. |title=From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes: Essays in Honor of William K. Estes |volume=2 |year=1992| ___location=Hillsdale, NJ |publisher=Erlbaum |pages=87–118 |isbn=978-0-8058-0760-8}}</ref>
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