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Revision as of 15:26, 28 May 2021

Revision as of 15:58, 28 May 2021

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'''Chakosi''', also known by its [[Autonym (semantics)|autonym]] '''Anufo''', is a [[Central Tano language]] spoken in northeast [[Ghana]], northern [[Togo]], and northwest [[Benin]] by approximately 180,000 people.

==Phonology==

Chakosi has 27 consonants and 10 vowels.

Many words are complex by incorporating numerous consonants within, as in the word skraχo for “tree, bush’ with the consonant /χ/ being a hissing sound that is held in the back of the throat, and is held longer than other consonants.<ref name="Velupillai 2015 381"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|-

|+Consonant

|+Consonants<ref name="Velupillai 2015 381" />

!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|

! colspan="3" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]

!colspan="2" | [[CoronalAlveolar consonant|CoronalAlveolar]]

!colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]

!Palatal

!colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]

!

!colspan="2" | [[DorsalLabiovelar consonant|DorsalLabiovelar]]

! rowspan="2" | [[Glottalic consonant|Glottal]]

!

!

! rowspan="2" | Glottal

|- class=small

! plain

! [[Labialization|round]]

! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatal]]

! plain

! [[velarization|broad]]

! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|slenderpalatalized]]

! plain

!Plain

! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]]

!Palatalized

! [[velarization|plain]]

! round

! plain

! [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatal]]

!plain

!palatal

|-

! colspan="2" |[[Nasal stop|Nasal]]

| {{IPA|m}}

| || {{IPA|mʲ}}

| {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|nʲ}}

| {{IPA|ɲ}}|| || {{IPA|ŋ}}

|

| {{IPA||ŋm}} || {{IPA|ŋmʲ}}

|

| ||

|-

! rowspan="2" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>

| {{IPA|p}}

| {{IPA|pʷ}}|| {{IPA|pʲ}}

| {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}

| {{IPA|c}} || {{IPA|cʲ}}

|

| {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|kʷ}}

|

| {{IPA|kkp}} || {{IPA|kʲkpʲ}}

|

|

|

|-

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>

| {{IPA|b}}

| {{IPA|bʷ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}

| {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}

| {{IPA|ɟ}} || {{IPA|ɟʲ}}

|

| {{IPA|ɡ}} || {{IPA|ɡʷ}}

|

| {{IPA|ɡgb}} || {{IPA|gʲgbʲ}}

|

|

|

|-

! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]/<br />[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>

| {{IPA|f}}

|

| {{IPA|fʷ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}

| ||

| {{IPA|θs}} || {{IPA|ʃ}}

|

| {{IPA|ɕᶣ}} || ||

|

| || {{IPA|h}}

|-

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>

|

| ||

| {{IPA|ðz}} ||

|

| {{IPA|ʑᶣ}} || ||

|

|

| {{IPA|χ}}

|-

! colspan="2" |[[Affricate]]

|

| ||

| || {{IPA|tʃ}}

|

| || ||

|

| ||

|-

! colspan="2" | [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]

Line 127 ⟶ 109:

! rowspan="2" | [[Approximant]]

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]</small>

|

| ||{{IPA|ɥ̥}}

|

| ||

|

| ||

|

| ||

|

| ||

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>

| ({{IPA|w}})

| ||

| ||

|

| ||{{IPA|ɥ}}

| {{IPA|l}} || {{IPA|lᶣ}}

| {{IPA|j}}

|

| {{IPA|w}} ||

| {{IPA|w}}

|

| ||

|}

{| class="wikitable"

|+ Vowels{{cn|date=January 2021}}

!

! colspan="2" align="center"|[[Front vowel|Front]]Oral

! colspan="2" align="center" |[[Near-frontNasal vowel|N.-frontNasal]]

! align="center"|[[Central vowel|Central]]

! align="center"|[[Back vowel|Back]]

|-

!

! align="left"|[[Close vowel|Close]]

![[Front vowel|Front]]

| align="center"|{{IPA|i}}

![[Back vowel|Back]]

|

!Front

|

!Back

| align="center"|{{IPA|u}}

|-

! align="left" |[[Near-closeClose vowel|Near-closeClose]]

| align="center" |{{IPA|i}}

|

| align="center" |{{IPA|ɪu}}

| align="center" |{{IPA|ĩ}}

|

| align="center" |{{IPA|ũ}}

|

|-

! align="left"|[[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]

| align="center"|{{IPA|e}}

|

|

| align="center"|{{IPA|o}}

| align="center"|{{IPA|ẽ}}

| align="center"|{{IPA|õ}}

|-

! align="left" |[[MidOpen-mid vowel|Open-Mid]]

| align="center" |{{IPA|ɛ}}

|

|{align="center" |{{IPA|ɔ}}

|

| align="center" |{{IPA|əɛ̃}}

| align="center" |{{IPA|ɔ̃}}

|

|-

! align="left" |[[Open-mid vowel|Open-Mid]]

| align="center" |{{IPA|ɛa}}

|

|

| align="center"|{{IPA|ɔ}}

|-

! align="left"|[[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]

| align="center"|{{IPA|æ}}

|

|

|

|-

! align="left"|[[Open vowel|Open]]

|

|

|

| align="center" |{{IPA|ɑ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|ɒã}}

| align="center" |

|}