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the bounds being achieved by the constant word and a [[disjunctive word]],<ref name=Bug91>Bugeaud (2012) p.91</ref> for example, the [[Champernowne word]] respectively.<ref name=CN165>Cassaigne & Nicolas (2010) p.165</ref> For infinite words ''u'', we have ''p''<sub>''u''</sub>(''n'') bounded if ''u'' is ultimately periodic (a finite, possibly empty, sequence followed by a finite cycle). Conversely, if ''p''<sub>''u''</sub>(''n'') ≤ ''n'' for some ''n'', then ''u'' is ultimately periodic.<ref name=PF3/><ref name=AS302>Allouche & Shallit (2003) p.302</ref>
An '''aperiodic sequence''' is one which is not ultimately periodic. An aperiodic sequence has strictly increasing complexity function (this is the '''[[Morse–Hedlund theorem]]'''),<ref name=BR166/><ref name=CN166>Cassaigne & Nicolas (2010) p.166</ref> so ''p''(''n'') is at least ''n''+1.<ref name=L22>Lothaire (2011) p.22</ref>
A set ''S'' of finite binary words is ''balanced'' if for each ''n'' the subset ''S''<sub>''n''</sub> of words of length ''n'' has the property that the [[Hamming weight]] of the words in ''S''<sub>''n''</sub> takes at most two distinct values. A '''balanced sequence''' is one for which the set of factors is balanced.<ref name=AS313>Allouche & Shallit (2003) p.313</ref> A balanced sequence has complexity function at most ''n''+1.<ref name=L48>Lothaire (2011) p.48</ref>
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