Error analysis for the Global Positioning System: Difference between revisions

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The '''error analysis for the [[Global Positioning System]]''' is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude of errors should be expected. The GPS makes corrections for receiver clock errors and other effects but there are still residual errors which are not corrected. GPS receiver position is computed based on data received from the satellites. Errors depend on geometric dilution of precision and the sources listed in the table below.

== Overview ==

{{Disputed section|date=June 2016}}

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[[File:Accuracy of Navigation Systems.svg|thumb]]

[[File:Gps error diagram.svg|thumb|left| 300px|Geometric Error Diagram Showing Typical Relation of Indicated Receiver Position, Intersection of Sphere Surfaces, and True Receiver Position in Terms of Pseudorange Errors, PDOP, and Numerical Errors]]

User equivalent range errors (UERE) are shown in the table. There is also a [[numerical error]] with an estimated value, <math>\ \sigma_{num} </math>, of about {{convert|1 meter|m|sp=us}}. The standard deviations, <math>\ \sigma_R</math>, for the coarse/acquisition (C/A) and precise codes are also shown in the table. These standard deviations are computed by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual components (i.e., RSS for root sum squares). To get the standard deviation of receiver position estimate, these range errors must be multiplied by the appropriate [[Dilution of precision (GPS)|dilution of precision]] terms and then RSS'ed with the numerical error. Electronics errors are one of several accuracy-degrading effects outlined in the table above. When taken together, autonomous civilian GPS horizontal position fixes are typically accurate to about 15 meters (50&nbsp;ft). These effects also reduce the more precise P(Y) code's accuracy. However, the advancement of technology means that in the present, civilian GPS fixes under a clear view of the sky are on average accurate to about 5 meters (16&nbsp;ft) horizontally.

The term user equivalent range error (UERE) refers to the error of a component in the distance from receiver to a satellite. These UERE errors are given as ± errors thereby implying that they are unbiased or zero mean errors. These UERE errors are therefore used in computing standard deviations. The standard deviation of the error in receiver position,