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Another approach suggests that government should be entirely forsaken because of the free-rider problem and shortcomings with consensus, and instead innovation, entrepreneurship, and investment in sustainable technology should be focused on.<ref name=":4" /> This is largely proposed because of the free rider problem of countries defecting from international agreements for their own economic gain in the short run. This is compounded by the non-excludable harms and benefits of mitigating climate change, where penalties harsh enough to sufficiently incentivize countries into taking action may not be practical, and countries will not act unless sufficiently incentivized.<ref name=":4" /> Under the failure of governance argument, the problems facing governance are massive and it would be less costly to invest in innovation and technology rather than governance.
== The
Bill Gates's 2021 [[How to Avoid a Climate Disaster|Climate Book]] states the world is failing to meet goals due to a fundamental flaw in approach. He refers to this as "Reduce is not Zero". Reduce involves working on each hydroelectric dam or wind farm separately; whereas Zero involves handling the entire batch of needed equipment at one time. Equipment includes hydroelectric dams, wind farms, solar panels, and nuclear reactors. When one works with a large batch, they can justify factories that mass produce. Factory automation is crucial, since it allows one to handle large volumes at low cost. In order to implement Zero, one needs a [[Low-carbon economy#Decarbonisation plans that get to zero CO2 emissions|plan that describes how to get to zero global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions]]. Currently, the world does not have a plan, and is doing Reduce.
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