Plains Apache language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:40, 2 June 2021

Revision as of 22:46, 14 July 2021

Line 32:

! rowspan="2" | [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]

! colspan="3" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]

! rowspan="2" |[[Postalveolar consonant|PostalveolarPost-<br>alveolar]]

! rowspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]

! rowspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]

Line 112:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

!

![[Grammatical person|First<br>person]]

![[Grammatical person|Second<br>person]]

![[Grammatical person|SecondThird<br>person]]

!Third person<br>[[Indefinite pronoun|indefinite]]

[[Grammatical person|person]]

![[GrammaticalFourth person|ThirdFourth<br>person]]

[[Grammatical person|person]]

!Third person

[[Indefinite pronoun|indefinite]]

![[Fourth person|Fourth]]

[[Fourth person|person]]

|-

![[Singular number|Singular]]

Line 223 ⟶ 218:

|

|}

However, a verb in Plains Apache never has an affix in each position. A typical verb might be inflected as follows:

{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = apk

|top= Šàyédíʔą̀ą̀
|ši- a- yi- dí- ∅- ∅- ʔą̀ą̀
|1SG.OBJ- PP- 3OBJ- PFV- 3SBJ- CLF- give

|'He gives it to me'}}

In this case, ''ši''- is the indirect object prefix in slot 1, -''a''- is the postposition in slot 2, -''yi''- is the direct object prefix in slot 7, -''dí''- is the modal prefix in slot 11, slots 12 and 13 are occupied by zero morphemes, and ''ʔą̀ą̀'' is the stem in slot 14. All other slots are empty.

Line 233 ⟶ 232:

{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = apk

|top= Šìgółbèèš
|ši- go- ∅- ∅- ł- bèèš
|1SG.OBJ- NUM- IPFV- 3SBJ- CLF- boil

|'They two are boiling me'}}

== Syntax ==

{{Main|Southern Athabascan grammar#Typological overview}}

Line 240 ⟶ 242:

{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = apk

|top= Dèènáá kóó ʔíłbééš

|dèènáá kóó ʔí- ł- bééš

|man water INDEF- CLF- boil

|'The man boils water'}}

{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = apk

|top= Séé míídžǫ́ʔdą́ʔ dàyìɣínííł

|séé mi- džǫ́ʔ- dą́ʔ dà- yi- ɣí- ø- ø- nííł

|dirt 3SG- back- PP ADV- 3OBJ- PROG- 3SUBJ- CLF- throw
|'He threw dirt on his back'}}

However, due to the morphological complexity of Plains Apache verb inflection, it is often possible for a sentence to consist of a single verb, e.g.

{{interlinear|indent=2| lang = apk

|top= Dàdį̀į̀mą̀ą̀s

|da- di- ∅- į̀į̀d- ∅- mą̀ą̀s

|NUM- THM- IPFV- 1DUPL.SBJ- CLF- {go. to. war}
|'Each one of us is starting off to war'}}

Noun phrases always contain only a noun, as Plains Apache has no determiners or adjectives; the equivalent of adjectival modification is achieved by the use of compound and nominalized nouns discussed above.