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EM2 is an advanced modular reactor expected to produce 265 MW<sub>e</sub> (500 MW<sub>th</sub>) of power with evaporative cooling (240 MW<sub>e</sub> with dry cooling) at a core outlet temperature of {{convert|850|°C|-2}}. The reactor will be fully enclosed in an underground containment structure for 30 years without requiring refueling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.com/advanced-reactors |title=Advanced Reactors |publisher=General Atomics |access-date = Feb 19, 2018}}</ref> EM2 differs from current reactors in that it does not use water coolant but is instead a [[gas-cooled fast reactor]], which uses [[helium]] as a coolant for an additional level of safety. The reactor uses a composite of [[silicon carbide]] as a fuel cladding material, and [[zirconium]] silicide as [[neutron reflector]] material. The reactor unit is coupled to a direct-drive helium [[gas turbine]] which in turn drives a generator for the production of electricity.
The nuclear core design is based upon a new conversion technique in which an initial
Substantial amounts of usable fissile material remain in the EM2 core at the end of life. This material can be reused as the starter for a second generation of EM2s, without conventional reprocessing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.com/advanced-reactors |title=Advanced Reactors |publisher=General Atomics |access-date = Feb 19, 2018}}</ref> There is no separation of individual heavy metals required and no additional [[enriched uranium]] needed. Only [[fission products]] would be removed, which would decay to near-background radiation levels in about 500 years compared to conventional spent fuel, which requires about 10,000 years.<ref>{{Cite journal |last = Choi |first = H. |title = A Compact Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor with an Ultra-Long Fuel Cycle |journal = Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations |volume = 2013 |pages = 1–10 |doi = 10.1155/2013/618707 |year = 2013 |doi-access = free }}</ref>
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==Economics and workforce capacity==
EM2 power costs are expected to be lower due to high power conversion efficiency, a reduced number of components, and long core life. EM2 is expected to achieve a conversion efficiency of above 50% due to its high core outlet temperature and closed Brayton power cycle. The Brayton cycle eliminates many expensive components, including steam generators, pressurizers, condensers, and feedwater pumps. The design would utilize only 1/6th of the nuclear concrete of a conventional light water reactor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703791504575079370538466574 | title=General Atomics Proposes a Plant That Runs on Nuclear Waste|last=Smith|first=Rebecca|date=Feb 22, 2010|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>
Each module can be manufactured in either U.S. domestic or foreign facilities using replacement parts manufacturing and supply chain management with large components shipped by commercial truck or rail to a site for final assembly, where it will be fully enclosed in an underground containment structure. Dry cooling capability allows siting in locations without a source of cooling water.
==Nuclear waste==
EM2 can burn used [[nuclear fuel]], also referred to as
Spent fuel rods from conventional nuclear reactors are put into storage and considered to be [[nuclear waste]], by the nuclear industry and the general public.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/mar/11/opinion/la-le-thursday11-2010mar11/|title=Letter to the Editor in Response to "Nuclear power – not a green option – it generates radioactive waste; it requires uranium that's dangerous to mine; it's hugely expensive,"|last=Parmentola|first=John|date=March 11, 2010|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Nuclear waste from light water reactors retains more than 95% of its original energy because such reactors cannot burn fertile U238, while fast reactors can. The current U.S. inventory of spent fuel is equivalent to nine trillion barrels of oil - four times more than the known reserves.
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By using spent nuclear waste and depleted uranium stockpiles as its fuel source, a large-scale deployment of the EM2 could reduce the long-term need for uranium enrichment and eliminate conventional nuclear reprocessing, which requires plutonium separation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/nuclear/downsizing-nuclear-power-plants/|title=7. "Downsizing Nuclear Power Plants – Modular designs rely on 'economies of multiples' to make small reactors pay off big," |last=Fairley |first=Peter |date=May 11, 2010 |work=[[IEEE Spectrum]]}}</ref>
Conventional light water reactors require refueling every 18 months.
==Nuclear safety and security==
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Underground siting improves safety and security of the plant against terrorism and other threats.
==See also==
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