Semi-cursive script: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:47, 24 August 2021

Revision as of 04:48, 24 August 2021

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|l=walking/running script<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|first=Shozo|last=Sato|author-link=Shōzō Satō|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1183131287|title=Shodo : theThe quiet art of Japanese Zen calligraphy : learn the wisdom of Zen through traditional brush painting|date=2014|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|isbn=978-4-8053-1204-9|oclc=1183131287}}</ref>

|p=xíng shū

|bpmf=ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄕㄨ

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== History ==

The Chinese writing system has been borrowed and used in East Asian countries, including Japan, Korea and Vietnam for thousands of years due to China’s extensive influence, technology and large territory. As a result, the culture of calligraphy and its various styles spread across the region, including semi-cursive script.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Li|first=Yu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1114273437|title=The Chinese writing system in Asia : anAn interdisciplinary perspective|date=2020|isbn=978-1-000-69906-7|___location=London|oclc=1114273437}}</ref>

=== China ===

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=== Japan ===

[[File:Calligraphy of Nobuyuki Abe.jpg|thumb|Japanese calligraphy written in the semi-cursive style.]]

Calligraphy culture from China was introduced to Japan in around 600 CE and have been practiced till today. Although Japan originally used Chinese characters (''kanji'') to represent words of the spoken language, there were still parts of the spoken language that could not be written using Chinese characters.<ref name=":4" /> The phonetic writing systems, [[hiragana]] and [[katakana]] were developed as a result of the semi-cursive and cursive styles.<ref name=":4" /> During the [[Heian period|Heian Period]], a large amount of calligraphy works was written in the semi-cursive style because the roundedness of the style allowed for a natural flow between Chinese characters (''kanji'') and hiragana.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bernard|first1=Kyoko|last2=Nakata|first2=Yujiro|last3=Woodhill|first3=Alan|last4=Nikovskis|first4=Armis|date=1973|title=The Art of Japanese Calligraphy.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2383576|journal=Monumenta Nipponica|volume=28|issue=4|pages=514|doi=10.2307/2383576|jstor=2383576|issn=0027-0741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Boudonnat|first=Louise|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51553636|title=Traces of the brush : theThe art of Japanese calligraphy|date=2003|publisher=Chronicle|others=Harumi Kushizaki|isbn=2-02-059342-4|___location=San Francisco|oclc=51553636}}</ref> In the [[Edo period]], general trends have been noticed where semi-cursive was used with hiragana in mixed script for "native" literature and books translated for commoners, while [[Regular script|regular script]] kanji was used alongside katakana for Classical Chinese works meant to be read by scholars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hisada |first=Yukio |title=グローバル日本研究クラスター報告書 |date=2018-03-31 |volume=1 |pages=170–180 |chapter= The Usage of Sentences Mixing Regular-Script Kanji and Hiragana in the Latter Part of the Edo Period |chapter-url=https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/68062/|publisher=[[Osaka University]]}}</ref>

=== Korea ===

Chinese calligraphy appeared in Korea at around 2nd or 3rd century CE. Korea also used Chinese characters (''[[hanja]]'') until the invention of the Korean alphabet, ''[[hangul]]'', in 1443.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Choi|first=Yearn-hong|date=2016|title=Choe Chi-won, great Tang and Silla poet|work=The Korean Times|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/07/142_208963.html|access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref> Even then, many calligraphers did not choose to use the newly created ''hangul'' writing system and continued to write calligraphy and its various styles using Chinese characters.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Ju|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/162136010|title=China, Japan, Korea : cultureCulture and customs|date=2006|publisher=BookSurge|others=John Brown|isbn=1-4196-4893-4|___location=North Charleston, South Carolina|oclc=162136010}}</ref> In this environment, semi cursive script started seeing use in Korea during the [[Joseon Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-07-30|title=Categories of calligraphy|url=https://swmuseum.suwon.go.kr/eng/html/02exhibit_02_04.jsp|website=swmuseum.suwon.go.kr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-07-30|title=Collection of Calligraphic Works by Successive Kings from Seonjo to Sukjong – Kings of Joseon (Seonjo~Sukjong)|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/collection-of-calligraphic-works-by-successive-kings-from-seonjo-to-sukjong/5QE0w581sbMB3A|work=[[Jangseogak]]|publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]]|via=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==