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:: {{cite report |title=Automatic Programming of Numerically Controlled Machine Tools |first=John E. |last=Ward |date=15 January 1960 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/241754.pdf |publisher=DTIC |id=AD241754 }}
: [[User:Glrx|Glrx]] ([[User talk:Glrx|talk]]) 17:46, 26 April 2019 (UTC)
:: So the trail from EIA RS-274 to X-code is as follows:
:: RS-274-C, which was approved in April 1974, unified two different EIA standard: RS-273 (Straight Cut) and RS-274 (Contour Cut), both of which had initial publication in January 1963 (see Library of Congress listings).
:: The EIA RS standards, which governed members of the EIA, were essentially copies of earlier AIA National Aerospace Standards: NAS 943 (Straight Cut) and NAS 955 (Contour Cut). NAS 943 was approved in 1960 (as per the AIA Annual Report, available online).
:: Those standards are predominately based on the two leading Numerically Controlled mills during the APT work: the Giddings & Lewis mill (trademarked as the Numericord) which used a combination of General Electric and Concord Controls controllers. The second system was the Kearney & Trecker mill, which used a Bendix controller. Both machines had detailed papers published at the Eastern Joint Computer Conference in December 1957 (proceedings available online). The Bendix solution used "R-codes" to describe operational modes (essentially G-codes) and another set to describe auxiliary on/off functions (essentially M-codes). The Giddings & Lewis system used "X-codes" which also described operational modes and auxiliary on/off functions. These are the X-codes described in the APT flowcharts.
:: The X-codes are better documented in US patent 2963137 "Controls for a typewriter and associated apparatus". The patent assignee is Giddings & Lewis, but the four inventors (McDonough, Susskind, Grossimon, and Lee) were all MIT staff attached to the Servo Lab. Giddings & Lewis poached the entire numerical control staff (with the exception of Susskind) to form Concord Controls at the beginning of 1956.
:: The Bendix R-codes were encoded on punch tape in their own special block, so there was never an appearance of an alphanumeric code, such as "R00". The Giddings & Lewis X-Code, however, appeared exactly as G-Code would later be used. There is no relationship between the operational code numbers between X-Code and the later G-code. It's unknown if the same can be said for the auxiliary functions, as they are deliberately not documented in the 1957 paper, nor the 1956 patent - other than the Program End function which was encoded as "X00", the same as the later "M00".
[[User:Alvonruff|Alvonruff]] ([[User talk:Alvonruff|talk]]) 15:17, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
==FANUC sources?==
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