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<math>PSF(f,z)=I_r(0,z,f)\exp(-z\alpha(f))-\dfrac{2\rho^2}{0.36{\frac{cka}{\text{NA}f}}\sqrt{{1+\left ( \frac{2\ln 2}{c\pi}\left ( \frac{\text{NA}}{0.56k} \right )^2 fz\right )}^2}},</math>
where ''k-factor'' depends on the truncation ratio and level of the irradiance, ''NA'' is numerical aperture, ''c'' is the speed of light, ''f'' is the photon frequency of the imaging beam, ''I<sub>r</sub>'' is the intensity of reference beam, ''a'' is an adjustment factor and <math>\rho</math> is the radial position from the center of the beam on the corresponding ''z-plane''.
==History and methods==
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