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→top: The first components (a payload and dedicated GEO satellite) were launched in 2016 and 2019. ==Purpose and context== |
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==Purpose and context==
The designers intend the system to provide almost full-time communication, even with satellites in [[low Earth orbit]] that often have reduced visibility from ground stations. It makes on-demand data available to, for example, rescue workers who want near-real-time satellite data of a crisis region.
There are a number of key services that will benefit from this system's infrastructure:▼
* Earth Observation applications in support of time-critical and/or data-intensive services; e.g., change detection, environmental monitoring.▼
* Government and security services that need images from key European space systems such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security.▼
* Emergency response and crisis intervention applications that need information and data over areas affected by natural or man-made disasters.▼
* Security forces that transmit data to Earth observation satellites, aircraft and unmanned aerial observation vehicles, to reconfigure such systems in real time.▼
* Weather satellite services that require the fast delivery of large quantities of data around the world.▼
The system has been developed as part of the [[ARTES]] 7 programme and is intended to be an independent, European satellite system that reduces time delays in the transmission of large quantities of data. The programme is similar to the American [[Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System]] that was set up to support the Space Shuttle—but EDRS is using a new generation [[Laser communication in space|Laser Communication Terminal]] (LCT) which carries data at a much larger [[bit rate]]: the laser terminal transmits 1.8 Gbit/s across 45,000 km (the distance of a LEO-GEO link),<ref name=VA249-2019/> while the TDRSS provides ground reception rates of 600 Mbit/s in the [[S-band]] and 800 Mbit/s in the [[Ku band|Ku-]] and [[Ka band|Ka-bands]].<ref name=ISS-comms-2019>{{Cite web|first=Matt |last=Williams |publisher=Universe Today |title=The ISS Now Has Better Internet Than Most of Us After Its Latest Upgrade |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/the-iss-now-has-better-internet-than-most-of-us-after-its-latest-upgrade|date=26 Aug 2019|access-date=2020-06-23|website=ScienceAlert|language=en-gb}}</ref>
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The first users for EDRS will be the [[Sentinel (satellite)|Sentinel-1 and -2 satellites]] of the [[Copernicus Programme]] (formerly the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security or GMES). The Sentinel satellites will provide data for the operational provision of geo-information products and services throughout Europe and the globe. EDRS will provide the data relay services for the Sentinel satellites facilitating a rapid downlink of large volumes of imagery. Extensive further capacities on the system will be available for third party users.
▲There are a number of key services that will benefit from this system's infrastructure:
▲* Earth Observation applications in support of time-critical and/or data-intensive services; e.g., change detection, environmental monitoring.
▲* Government and security services that need images from key European space systems such as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security.
▲* Emergency response and crisis intervention applications that need information and data over areas affected by natural or man-made disasters.
▲* Security forces that transmit data to Earth observation satellites, aircraft and unmanned aerial observation vehicles, to reconfigure such systems in real time.
▲* Weather satellite services that require the fast delivery of large quantities of data around the world.
== Implementation ==
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