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--><ref name="lehmann">{{cite journal |author=Lehmann PA, Bolivar A, Quintero R |year=1973 |title=Russell E. Marker. Pioneer of the Mexican steroid industry |journal=J Chem Educ |volume=50 |issue-3 |pages=195-9 |id=PMID 4569922}}</ref><!--
--><ref name="vaughn">{{cite book |author=Vaughn, Paul |year=1970 |title=The Pill on Trial |___location=New York |publisher=Coward-McCann}}</ref>
[[Percy Lavon Julian]]'s research at Glidden Co.,Chicago,USA took on a new direction in 1940 when he began work on synthesizing sex steroids: progesterone (a female hormone), estrogen, testosterone (a male hormone), from [[plant sterols]] such as [[stigmasterol]], isolated from [[soybean]] oil by a "[[foam]]" technique he invented. His work made possible the production of these hormones on a large industrial scale, thereby reducing the cost of treating hormonal deficiencies, arthritis, and other disorders and setting the stage for future developments in reproductive research.
Midway through 20th century, the stage was set for the development of a [[hormonal contraceptive]], but pharmaceutical companies, universities and governments showed no interest in pursuing research.<!--
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